江苏各市高三英语上册考分类汇编任务型阅读含答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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Yourgrandpaprobablycomplainedthatrainwascoming---hecouldfeelitinhisknees.Wewouldn’twanttoquestionanelder’swisdom,butisthereanyscientificbasisinhisclaims?
Oneexpert,ElaineHusni,directorofClevelandClinic’sArthritis(关节炎)andMusculoskeletalCenter,explainstheeffectsofbarometricpressure(气压)andwhytheseachesandpainscouldbetelling.
Dr.Husnisaysthatmany,butnotall,ofherosteoarthritispatientscomplainthatweatherdoesinfluencetheirpainlevels.“Thereissomeconsensusthatlowerbarometricpressureanddroppingtemperaturescorrelatewithmorejointpain,”saystheCleverlanddoctor.Barometricpressure---essentiallytheweightoftheairaroundus---dropswhenitgetscolder.Thethinking,sheexplains,isthatlightnesscancausethethinliningknownasthejointcapsule(关节囊),whichsurroundsjointsandmaintainslubrication(润滑),toexpandandstretchnerves,causingpain.Asimilarphenomenoncanoccurwithhumiditychanges:
Therecanbeshiftsinpressurethatcauseswellingaroundthejoints,Dr.Husnisays.
Theoriesincludethat“patientswitharthritisalreadyhaveinflammation(炎症)oftheirjoints(specificallyaroundthejointcapsule)soanyadditionalchangesintheatmospherecouldbedetectedmoreeasily,”shesays.“Perhapsthenerveendingsaremoresensitiveinpatientswitharthritis.”
Peoplewithmigraines(偏头痛)sometimesinsisttheyfeelheadachescomingonwhentheairturnscoldandtheairpressuredrops.Thesearecalledbarometricpressureheadaches,andasmallstudyof31migrainesufferersinNaples,Italy,foundthatlowpressurecanleadtoconstricted(收缩的)bloodvesselsandresultinmoresevereheadaches,thoughthereasons,accordingtoscientists,aren’ttotallyclear.
Dr.Husniisquicktopointoutthatclinicalstudieshavebeenconductedtofinddirectcorrelationsbetweenpatientswithhiporkneepainsandchangesintheweather,buttheresultsweremixed.“Theredoesseemtobealooseassociationbetweencertaintemperaturevariableslikebarometricpressure,coldtemperaturesandhumidityandincreasedjointpain,butitisn’tsoeasyforpatientstosaywithprecision,‘Itwillbe60degreesandrainytomorrow,’”shesays.Whilemanypatientsdofeelmorepainwhenitgetscoldorhumid,“theyarenotpsychic(灵媒).Instudies,theycouldn’tpredicttheweatherwithaccuracy.”
ThestudiesDr.Husnicitesdon’tpinpoint(准确描述)anexacttimeofwhenpainissetoffbychangingtemperatures,norhassheseenevidencethatcertainclimatesarebetterforthosewithjointpain.“Alotofpeoplewithosteoarthritissaytheydobetterinwarmerclimates,butthechangesinclimatearen’talwaysclinicallymeaningful,”saysthejointexpert.Shecitesastudythattrackedonlinesearchesfortermsrelatedtoarthritisandkneeandhippainandweatherchangesacross5yearsin50Americancities.Whentemperaturesfelltobetweenminus5℃and30℃,searchvolumes(量)forhippainincreasedby12indexpoints,andkneepainincreasedby18indexpoints;
above30℃,searchvolumesdroppedby7indexpoints.Still,saysDr.Husni,thestudydidn’tprovepredictiveabilities---justcuriosity.“It’snotlikeyouneedtomovetoawarmerclimate,”shesays.
Blustery(大风的)weathermayindeedincreasepaininthosewhosufferfromjointpain,butDr.Husnisuggestssomebasicfixes.Nomatteryourlocalclimate,keepyourcorewarmanddry,shesays.Asweater,scarfandglovesareperfectlyfinewellintoMarch.Nohardevidencesuggeststhatapplyingheatorcoldwilleradicatejointpain.But“ifanicepackfeelsgoodoraheatpadhelps,I’mnotgoingtostopmypatientsfromusingthem,”shesays.
Anti-inflammatorymedicationsarealsogo-tos,butDr.Husniencouragespatientswitharthritisandotherjointdiscomforttoseekmedicaladvice.“Consultyourdoctor,whocantreatyoupersonally,shesays.“Osteoarthritisaffects27%ofAmericans,andtherearealotofexpertsoutthere.Getdiagnosed,gethelp,andyoudon’thavetosufferinbadweather.
Canachyjointspredicttheweather?
Introduction
Elderstendto___71___achyjointsonthechangeinweather.
Thescientific___72___forweather-relatedpain
●A___73___inairpressureandtemperaturecorrespondtomorejointpain.
●Swellingtissuescausedbyhighhumidityput___74___onjointsandincreasepain.
●Thepresenceofjointinflammationputspatientswitharthritisinamore___75___situation.
The___76___resultsofthoseclinicalstudies
●Thereseemstobealooselinkbetweencertaintemperaturevariablesandincreasedjointpain.
●Patientswithhiporkneepainhave___77___predictingtheweatherwithaccuracy.
●Whethercertainclimatesarebetterforthosewithjointpainis___78___.
Somesuggestionsfor___79___jointpain
Whateverthecauseofjointpain,patie