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nSomewhatoverweight超重
nReasonablywell-controlleddiabetesandhypertension高血压、糖尿病
ncholesterolonthehighsidewithoutanymedicationsforthis高胆固醇
nNotasmuchexerciseassheshould不运动
nThinningofherbonesonlastDEXAscan骨质薄
nStressfulbutgoodaboutkeepingherappointmentsandgettingherbloodtests
nGenerallyhealthy总体健康
3.GoodandbadthingsaboutMrs.Osorio’sconditionsthatrunthroughtheauthor’smind.
Mrs.Osorio的好坏条件
nGoodThings
qBloodtestsdone血常规
qGlucosealittlebetter血糖
qHerbloodpressuregoodbutnotgreat血压
nBadThings
qHerweightalittleup体重
qcholesterolnotsogreat胆固醇
qHerbonesalittlethinontheDEXA骨质薄
4.DescribethesituationwhenMrs.Osoriosendsthedelicatelybalancedthree-ringcircustumblingdown.
巧妙平衡三环轰然倒塌
nTheauthorwasinmoderatestateofpanic适度恐慌状态:
jugglingsomanythoughtsaboutMrs.Osorio’sconditionsandtryingtoresolvethemall先解决所有问题beforetheclockrandown
nMrs.Osoriomadeatrivialrequest琐碎的请求,notsoimportantascomparedtoherconditions
nMrs.Osorioseemedtocareonlyabouther“innocent只关注她无辜的请求—andcompletelyjustified—request”:
theformsignedbyherdoctor
nThedoctortriedtooratleastpretendedtopayattentiontothepatientswhilecompletingdocumentation写完文件的同时去关注患者(至少假装关心)
5.Comparemultitaskinginhumanbeingsandinthecomputerfield.比较人和计算机的多任务处理
Similarities:
nMicroprocessorsinfactlinear,actuallyperformingonlyonetaskatatime微处理器实际上线性的,在一个时间实际执行的任务只有一个
nMultitaskingjustasanillusionbothincomputerandhumans.
Differences:
nAtbest,Humanjugglingonlyahandfulofthoughtsinthismanner
nMultitaskingoriginatedincomputerscience.起源于计算机
nThemorethoughtswejuggle,thelessweareabletoattunefullytoanygiventhought.
7.Possiblesolutionstotheimpossiblehigh-wireactofjugglingcompetingdetailsandpanickingaboutslippingacriticalone.纠结细节的可能解决方案
ncomputer-generatedreminders电脑提醒
ncasemanagers案例管理
nancillaryservices附加服务
nthesimplestsolution:
time最简单的方法:
时间
Unit2ResurgentandEmergentDiseases
1.Whatdoestheauthorimplybymentioningtwochoices?
两种选择意味着什么
nThewaragainstinfectiousdiseasesisnotover.战争仍未结束
nIfwedon'
tdoanythingaboutthereemergingdiseases,therewillbeseriousconsequences.不做会很严重
nPeoplearewronglycomplacent错误的自满aboutthepreventionandcontrolofinfectiousdiseases.
2.Describetheheadydaysofvictorydeclarationsandwhatfollowedeversince.
描述胜利宣言和随之而来自从激动人心的日子
nVictorydeclarations
qSurgeonGeneralWilliamStewart’shyperbolicstatement夸张说法ofclosing“thebookoninfectiousdisease”传染病的书已经合上
qAstringofimpressivevictoriesincurredbyantibioticsandvaccines抗生素和疫苗
qThethoughtthatthewaragainstinfectiousdiseaseswasalmostover战争结束
nWhatfollowedeversince
qAppearanceofnewdiseasessuchasAIDSandEbola新疾病出现
qComebackoftheoldafflictions旧病重现
nDiphtheriaintheformerSovietUnion白喉
nTBinurbancenterslikeNewYorkCity结核
nRisingGroupAstreptococcalconditionslikescarletfever猩红热
nThefearofapowerfulnewflustrainsweepingtheworld流感
3.Elaborateonthejoinedbattle.埃博拉加入战斗
nWHO:
establishmentofanewdivisiondevotedtoworldwidesurveillanceandcontrolofemergingdiseaseinOct.1995WHO:
建立一个新的事业部致力于为全球监视和新出现的疾病控制在1995年10月
nCDC:
launchingpreventionstrategyin1994CDC:
在1994年推出的预防策略
nCongress:
raisingfundfrom$6.7millionin1995to$26millionfor1997美国国会:
从670万美元1995年募集资金2600万美元在1997年
4.Justify“therealizationthatworldhealthisindivisible”
nWecannotmeetmostlocalneedswithoutproperattentiontothehealthconditionsoftheglobe.我们不能适应大部分本地需求,没有适当关注地球的健康状况。
nNationalbordersaremeaninglessaspathogenicmicrobesmayspreadacrosstheworld.国界没有意义了,短时间遍布全球
5.Exemplifythestatementthat“Everyreturningconditionmarchestothebeatofadifferentdrum.”
每次病症回归均迎合不同的鼓点
nTB
resultofsocioeconomicconditionsandhumanbehavior
Developmentofdrug-resistantstrains耐药菌株产生)
ArideontheHIVwagonbyattackingtheimmunocompromised(借助HIV侵袭免疫受损者)
nGroupAstrep
Achangeinvirulence(毒性变化)
Mutationintheexteriorofthebacterium(细菌外表变异)
nflu
qConstantchangesinitscoat(surfaceantigens)andresultantchangesinitslevelofvirulence(外壳<
表面抗原>
持续变化,引起毒性水平变化)
6.Vaccinationpracticesareattheheartofthemostinfectiousdiseases.Useexamplestoproveit.
打疫苗是核心做法,试证明
nLackofvaccinationforpertussis百日咳leadstowaningofimmunity.
缺乏接种百日咳疫苗会导致免疫力减弱
nSeriousdiphtheria白喉situa