定语从句在写作中的运用(教师版)Word格式.doc
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揭示
5.criticn.Personwhoevaluatesanddescribesthequalityofsth,espworksofart,literature,music,etc批评家;
评论家
6.sponsorn.Personwhoagreestoberesponsibleforsth;
personwhoputsforwardapreposal;
sportseent,etc,usuallyinreturnforadvertising担保人;
发起人;
赞助者
7.merchantn.Personwhobuysandsellsgoodsinlargequantities商人
8.Burglarn.Personwhobreaksintohouses,shops,etcinordertosteal窃贼
9.Sequencen.Orderinwhichthingsoreventsfollowoneanother顺序;
序列
10.Squirreln.Smalltree-climbinganimalwithlongfurrytailthateatsnutsandalsostoresthemforthewinter松鼠
一、写作中常用的几种定语从句
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点,尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。
Actually,wecan'
tsucceedineverythingthatwetry.(2014·
福建高考满分作文)
Asailorwhohasexperiencednostormwillneverbecomeanexcellentsailor.(2013·
没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。
Iamdeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceintheschooloverthepastthreeyears(2011·
.
EveryoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativemindsandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.(2014·
辽宁高考满分作文)
Iwasonmywaytothebookstoreandwaswaitingforthegreenlightatacrossingwhenagirlofabouttenwasknockeddownbyapassingcar,whichdroveoffquickly.(2014·
湖北高考满分作文)
Peoplecanenjoythemoonwhileeatingmooncakes,whicharethespecialfoodforthisfestival.(2013·
人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月,月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句是指when,where,why引导的定语从句。
Thereasonwhypeoplecelebratethefestivalisthattheybelieveitisthetimewhenthemoonisatitsfullestandbrightestinthewholeyear,andpeoplewillgathertogethereatingmooncakesandappreciatingthefullmoon.(2013·
人们庆祝这个节日的原因是,他们相信这时候是一年中月亮最满、最亮的时候,人们聚在一起吃月饼、赏满月。
3.“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句
Yearsofschoollifehavetaughtmealotofthings,ofwhichwhatstrikesmemostisthatweshouldtakecarenottohurtotherswithourwords,deliberatelyorbyaccident.(2013·
多年的校园生活教会了我很多东西,其中使我印象最深的是我们应该尽量不要用言语伤害别人,无论是故意还是无意。
[即时演练] 用适当的关系词填空
1.Thosewhodosimpleandordinaryjobsarealsopromotingthedevelopmentofthesociety.(2013·
广东高考满分作文)
2.Asweallknow,cleaningstreetsisoneofthehardestwork.(2013·
3.EveryoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativemindsandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.(2014·
4.Thetruthisereryonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong,soyoudon’thavetoworrysomuch.(2014·
安徽高考满分作文)
5.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,afterwhichshewenttohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.
二、定语从句的写法
定语从句是比较难掌握而又是学生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句,因此在写作时可采用“三步法”:
[示例]
第一步:
写出两个简单句。
①TheforeignerisfromCanada.
②Hevisitedourclassyesterday.
第二步:
在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇:
theforeigner。
第三步:
用句②充当定语从句,theforeigner为先行词指人,句②中的代词he指代theforeigner且在句子中作主语,故用who或that作引导词。
Theforeignerwho/thatvisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.
[即时演练] 把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句
1.I'
vealwayslongedforthedays.Iwillbeabletobeindependentthen.
I'
ve_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.
2.Ihaveafriend.Herfatherisanengineer.
I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.
3.Theyplantedthetrees.Thetreesdidn'
tneedmuchwater.
They_planted_the_trees_that/which_didn'
t_need_much_water.
4.Thisisthebestmethod.Itcanbeusedagainstpollution.
This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.
5.Theysenttheelderlysomefruits,cleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.Theelderlyalwaysfeellonely.
They_sent_some_fruits_to_the_elderly_who_always_feel_lonely,_cleaned_the_rooms_and_had_a_good_chat_with_them.
三、定语从句写作的几点注意事项
1.误用关系词
误:
IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.
正:
IliveinBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.
Ihaveafriend,who'
snameisLiuMei.
Ihaveafriend,whosenameisLiuMei.
2.句子残缺
ThereweremanystudentstookpartintheEnglishcompetition.
ThereweremanystudentswhotookpartintheEnglishcompetition.
Thosewhoinfavoroftheproposal,pleaseraiseyourhands.
Thosewhoareinfavoroftheproposal,pleaseraiseyourhands.
3.有多余词
ThefilmIsawitlastnightwasreallyverygood.
ThefilmIsawlastnightwasreallyverygood.
Lastweek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupthereinmychildhood.
Lastweek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupinmychildhood.
4.定语从句与并列句的混淆
Infact,smokingisab