英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释(英文版)Word格式文档下载.doc

英语诗歌鉴赏及名词解释(英文版)Word格式文档下载.doc

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在心为志，发言为诗。

情动于中而行于言，言之不足，则嗟叹之；

嗟叹之不足，故咏歌之；

咏歌之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之也。

情发于声；

声成文，谓之音。

”

---《诗·

大序》

“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉，注入了思想与情感，而凝结了形象，终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。

”---艾青：

《诗论》

2.TheSoundSystemofEnglishPoetry

a.Theprosodicfeatures

Prosody（韵律）---thestudyoftherhythm,pause,tempo,stressandpitchfeaturesofalanguage.

Chinesepoetryissyllable-timed,Englishpoetryisstress-timed.

Stress:

TheprosodyofEnglishpoetryisrealizedbystress.Onestressedsyllablealwayscomestogetherwithoneormoreunstressedsyllables.

eg.Tiger,/tiger,/burning/bright

Inthe/forest/ofthe/night,

Whatim/mortal/handor/eye

Couldframethy/fearful/symme/try?

---W.Blake

Length:

itcanproducesomerhetoricalandartisticeffect.

eg.Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,

Thelowingherdwindslowlyo’erthelea,

ThePloughmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,

Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.

---ThomasGray

Longvowelsanddiphthongsmakethepoemslow,emotionalandsolemn;

shortvowelsquick,passionate,tenseandexciting.

Pause:

itservesfortherhythmandmusicalityofpoetry.

b.Meterormeasure（格律）

poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis+thesis;

Meterormeasurereferstotheformationwayofstressedand

unstressedsyllables.

Fourcommonmeters:

a）Iambus;

theiambicfoot（抑扬格）

eg.Shewalks/inbeau/ty,like/thenight

Ofcloud/lessclimes/andstar/ryskies;

Andall/that’sbest/ofdark/andbright

Meetin/heras/pectand/hereyes.---Byron

b）Trochee;

thetrochaicfoot（扬抑格）

eg.Never/seekto/tellthy/love,

Lovethat/never/toldcan/be.---Blake

c）Dactyl;

thedactylicfoot（扬抑抑格）

eg.Cannonto/rightofthem,

Cannonto/leftofthem.

Cannonin/frontofthem,

Volley’dand/thunder’d.---Tennyson

d）Anapaest;

theanapesticfoot（抑抑扬格）

eg.Break,/break,/break,

Onthycold/greystones,/Osea!

AndIwould/thatmytongue/couldutter

Thethought/thatarise/inme.---Tennyson

c）Othermeters

Amphibrach,theamphibrachicfoot（抑扬抑格）；

Spondee,thespondaicfoot（扬扬格）；

Pyrrhic,thepyrrhicfoot（抑抑格）；

d）Actalecticfoot（完整音步）andCactalecticfoot（不完整音步）

eg.Richthe/treasure,

Sweetthe/pleasure.（actalecticfoot）

Tiger,/tiger,/burning/bright,

Inthe/forest/ofthe/night.（cactalecticfoot）

e）Typesoffoot

monometer（一音步）

dimeter（二音步）

trimeter（三音步）

tetrameter（四音步）

pentameter（五音步）

hexameter（六音步）

heptameter（七音步）

octameter（八音步）

Wehaveiambicmonometer,trochaictetrameter,iambic

pentameter,anapaestictrimeter,etc.,whenthenumberof

footandmeteraretakentogetherinapoem.

C.Rhyme

Whentwoormorewordsorphrasescontainanidentical

orsimilarvowelsound,usuallystressed,andthe

consonantsoundsthatfollowthevowelsoundare

identicalandprecededbydifferentconsonants,arhyme

occurs.

Itcanroughlybedividedintotwotypes:

internalrhymeandendrhyme

Internalrhyme

a）alliteration:

therepetitionofinitialidenticalconsonantsoundsoranyvowelsoundsinsuccessiveorcloselyassociatedsyllables,esp.stressedsyllables.

eg.Thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew,

Thefurrowfollowedfree.

---Coleridge

Islip,Islide,Igloom,Iglance,

Amongmyskinningswallows.

---Tennyson

Whereatwithblade,withbloodyblamefulblade,

Hebravelybroachedhisboilingbloodybreast.

---Shakespeare

“Consonantcluster”（辅音连缀）

“internalorhiddenalliteration”（暗头韵）asin

“Hereinthelongunlovelystreet”（Tennyson）

TheScian&

theTeianmuse,

Thehero’sharp,thelove’slute,

Havefoundthefameyourshoresrefuse.

--