土木工程概论外文翻译Word文件下载.docx

土木工程概论外文翻译Word文件下载.docx

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Abstract:

thecivilengineeringisahugediscipline,butthemainoneisbuilding,buildingwhetherinChinaorabroad,hasalonghistory,long-termdevelopmentprocess.Theworldischangingeveryday,butthebuildingalsoalongwiththeprogressofscienceanddevelopment.Mechanicsfindings,materialofupdate,evermorescientifictechnologyintothebuilding.Butbeforearoomwithatiletocoverthetopofthehouse,nowforcomfort,differentideas,differentscientific,promotedthedevelopmentofcivilengineering,makingitmoreperfect.

Keywords:

civilengineering；

Architecture；

Mechanics；

Materials

Civilengineeringisbuildingvariousprojectscollectively.Itwasmeanttobeand"

militaryproject"

corresponding.InEnglishthehistoryofCivilEngineering,mechanicalEngineering,electricalEngineering,chemicalEngineeringbelongtoEngineering,becausetheyallhaveMinYongXing.Later,astheprojectdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,mechanical,electrical,chemicalhasgraduallyformedindependentscientific,toEngineeringbecameCivilEngineeringofspecializednouns.Sofar,inEnglish,toEngineeringincludewaterconservancyproject,portengineering,whileinourcountry,waterconservancyprojectsandportprojectsalsobecomeverycloseandcivilengineeringrelativelyindependentbranch.Civilengineeringconstructionofobject,bothreferstothatbuiltontheground,undergroundwaterengineeringfacilities,alsoreferstoappliedmaterialsequipmentandconductoftheinvestigation,designandconstruction,maintenance,repairandotherprofessionaltechnology.

Civilengineeringisakindofwithpeople'

sfood,clothing,shelterandtransportationhascloserelationoftheproject.Amongthemwith"

live"

relationshipisdirectly.Because,tosolvethe"

problem，mustbuildvarioustypesofbuildings.Tosolvethe"

line,foodandclothes"

problembothdirectside,butalsoaindirectside."

Line"

mustbuildrailways,roads,Bridges,"

Feed"

mustbewelldrillingwater,waterconservancy,farmirrigation,drainagewatersupplyforthecitythatisdirectrelation.Indirectlyrelationshipisnomatterwhatyoudo,manufacturingcars,ships,orspinningandweaving,clothing,orevenproductionsteel,launchsatellites,conductingscientificresearchactivitiesareinseparablefrombuildvariousbuildings,structuresandbuildallkindsofprojectfacilities.

Civilengineeringwiththeprogressofhumansocietyanddevelopment,yethasevolvedintolarge-scalecomprehensivediscipline,ithasoutmanybranch,suchas:

architecturalengineering,therailwayengineering,roadengineering,bridgeengineering,specialengineeringstructure,waterandwastewaterengineering,portengineering,hydraulicengineering,environmentengineeringdisciplines.[1]

Civilengineeringasanimportantbasicdisciplines,andhasitsimportantattributesof:

integrated,sociality,practicality,unity.Civilengineeringforthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyandtheimprovementofpeople'

slifeprovidesanimportantmaterialandtechnicalbasis,formanyindustrialinvigorationplayedaroleinpromoting,engineeringconstructionistheformationofafixedassetbasicproductionprocess,therefore,constructionandrealestatebecomeinmanycountriesandregions,economicpowerhouses.

Constructionprojectishousingplanning,survey,design,constructionofthefloorboard.Purposeisforhumanlifeandproductionprovideplaces.

Houseswillbelikeaman,it'

slikeaman'

slifeplanningenvironmentisresponsiblebytheplanners,Itslayoutandartisticprocessing,correspondingtothebodyshapelooksandtemperament,isresponsiblebythearchitect,Itsstructureislikeaperson'

sbonesandlifeexpectancy,thestructuralengineerisresponsible,Itswater,heatingventilationandelectricalfacilitiessuchasthehumanorganandthenerve,isbytheequipmentengineerisresponsiblefor.Alsolikenatureintactshapedlikepeople,inthecityIdistrictplanningbasedonbuildhouses,andistheconstructionunit,reconnaissanceunit,designunitofvariousdesignengineersandconstructionunitscomprehensivecoordinationandcooperationprocess.

Afterall,but，isstructuralstressbodyreactionforceandtheinternalstressandhowexternalforcebalance.Buildingtotackle,alsomustsolvetheproblemismechanicalproblems.Wehavetosolvetheproblemofdisciplinecalledarchitecturalmechanics.Architecturalmechanicshavecanbedividedinto:

statics,materialmechanicsandstructuralmechanicsthreemechanicalsystem.Architecturalmechanicsisdiscussionandresearchbuildingstructureandcomponentinloadandotherfactorsaffectingtheworkingconditionof,alsoisthebuildingofintensity,stiffnessandstability.Inload,bearloadandloadofstructureandcomponentcancausethesurroundingobje