软件工程课后习题答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

软件工程课后习题答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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（2）thewaypeoplecommunicate（cellphones）;

（3）methodsofwarfare（cyberweapons）;

（4）thediagnosisofdiseases（MRIsandrelatedcomputer-baseddiagnosticdevices）,and（5）themannerinwhichpeopleacquireandenjoymedia（music,DVDs,etc.）.

1.6）TheLawofConservationofFamiliarity:

Asthesystemevolvestheusersengineers,developersallthoseassociatedmusthavethecompleteknowledgeofthecontentandbehaviortoachievesatisfactoryresults.Increaseingrowthmaydiminishthatknowledge（mastery）;

hencetheaverageincreaseingrowthremainsinvariantasthesystemevolves.

1.7）Manymodernapplicationschangefrequentlybeforetheyarepresentedtotheenduserandthenafterthefirstversionshavebeenused.Afewwaystobuildsoftwaretostopdeteriorationduetochangewouldbe:

∙Makesurethatsoftwareisdesignedsothatchangesinonepartofaprogramdonotcreateside-effectsinanotherpartoftheprogram.

∙Makesurethatsoftwareisdesignedsothatitdoesnotdependonexternaldevicesorsystemsthatarelikelytochangewithtime.

∙Makesuretestcasesandresultsarearchivedandavailablesothatthesoftwarecanberetestedwhenchangesaremade.

∙Makesureyouspendtimeunderstandingwhatthecustomerwants.

1.8）Thetwobroadestcategoriesencompassrisksassociatedwitheconomiclossandriskstothewellbeingofpeople.Itmightbeagoodideatoselectfiverisks（culledfromthesourcesnoted）andpresentthemtotheclass.Lookforhumorousaswellasseriousrisks.

1.9）Thesameapproachtosoftwareengineeringcanbeappliedforeachofthesixcategories,butitmustbeadaptedtoaccommodatethespecialrequirementsofeachcategory.

1.10）Thereareliterallydozensofreallifecircumstancestochoosefrom.Forexample,softwareerrorsthathavecausedmajortelephonenetworkstofail,failuresinavionicsthathavecontributedtoplanecrashes,computerviruses（e.g.,Michelangelo）thathavecausedsignificanteconomiclossesandattacksonmajore-commercesites.

1.11）TheLawofDecliningQuality:

Thequalityofsystemswilldeclineunlesstheyaremaintainedbyvariousprocedurestoadapttotheenvironmentalchanges.Thisconceptissimilartothe“deterioration”discussedinProblem1-5.

1.12）TheLawofConservationofOrganizationalStability:

Theaverageeffectiveglobalactivityrateisinvariantoverthelifetimeofaproduct.

Chapter2

2.1）

Pattern:

Communication

Intent:

Toestablishacollaborativerelationshipwiththecustomerinanefforttodefineprojectscope,businessrequirementsandotherprojectconstraints.”

Type:

Stagepattern

Initialcontext:

（1）Appropriatestakeholdershavebeenidentifiedandarewillingtoparticipateincommunication

（2）Stakeholdersagreethataproblemexistsandthatsoftwaremayprovideasolution

Problem:

Requirementsmustbeelicitedfromstakeholdersandorganizedinawaythatcanbeusedbysoftwareengineers.Allstakeholdersmustcollaboratetodefinerequirementsandtoidentifythoseareaswhererequirementsareuncertain.

Solution:

Eachstakeholdermustdevelopadescriptionofthefunctions,features,informationandbehaviorthatareexhibitedbythesoftware.Toaccomplishthis,astructured,facilitatedmeetingisconducted.Formoredetails,seeSections7.3,7.4and7.5.

ResultingContext:

Whenthispatternhasbeensuccessfullycompleted,basicinformationrequiredforthedevelopmentofananalysismodelhasbeenacquiredanddocumentedinsomemanner.Use-cases（userscenarios）havebeendeveloped,alongwithbasicdescriptionsofsystemfunctionandbehaviorandthedataobjectsthataretobemanipulatedand/orproduced/

RelatedPatterns:

Conductedameeting;

requirementgathering;

developinguse-cases;

buildingamini-spec;

negotiatingrequirements,prioritization.

KnownUses/Examples:

Communicationismandatoryatthebeginningofeverysoftwareproject;

isrecommendedthroughoutthesoftwareproject;

andismandatoryoncethedeploymentactivityisunderway.

2.2）Processassessmentexaminesthesoftwareprocessusedbyanorganizationtodeterminewhetheritiseffectiveinachievingsoftwareengineeringgoals.Theassessmentcharacterizesthecurrentpracticewithinanorganizationalunitintermsofthecapabilityoftheselectedprocesses.TheSPICE（ISO/IEC15504）standar