电路分析与电子线路综合训练题DOC43页.docx

电路分析与电子线路综合训练题DOC43页.docx

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电路分析与电子线路综合训练题DOC43页

2018年《电路分析与电子线路》综合训练题

注意：

2018年《电路分析与电子线路》综合训练组队共同讨论完成综合训练题目3-4题，以书面形式撰写报告，需要详细的讨论过程和仿真的结果。

请同学们自学“数值分析软件（如MATLAB等）及电路仿真软件（如Multisim或Pspice等）”。

提交书面报告时间：

6月20日前。

Project1

PowerSupplies

Objective:

Thisprojectwillshowsomeofthebasicprinciplesofpowersuppliesusingfullwaverectifier,Zenerdiode,andfixed-voltageregulatorcircuits.

Components:

BridgeRectifier（50PIV,1A）,Zenerdiode（10Vat500mW）,7805regulator

Introduction:

Mostofthedirectcurrent（DC）powerusedinelectronicdevicesisderivedbyconverting60Hz,115Valternatingcurrent（AC）powertodirectcurrentpower.ThisACtoDCconversionusuallyinvolvesastep-downtransformer,rectifier,filter,andaregulator.Thestep-downtransformerisusedtodecreasetheAClinevoltagefrom115VRMStoanRMSvalueneartheDCvoltageneeded.Theoutputofthestep-downtransformeristhenfedintoadioderectifiercircuitthatonlyoutputspositivehalvesoftheinputsinusoid.AfilteristhenusedtosmooththerectifieroutputtoachieveanearlyconstantDCvoltagelevel.Aregulatorcanbeaddedafterthefiltertoensureaconstantoutputvoltageinspiteofchangesinloadcurrentandinputvoltages.

Twodifferenttypesofvoltageregulatorswillbeusedinthisproject.ThefirstinvolvesaZenerdiodecircuitandthesecondinvolvesavoltageregulatorcircuit.AZenerdiodecanbeusedasavoltageregulatorwhenthediodeisreversebiasedandoperatedinthebreakdownregion.Tomaintainvoltageregulation,theZenerdiodemustbeoperatedinthebreakdownregionatacurrentgreaterthanthe"knee"current（IZK）.ForcurrentsgreaterthanIZK,theZenerdiodecharacteristiccurveisnearlyverticalandthevoltageacrossthediodechangesverylittle.Ofcoursethereisamaximumcurrentthediodecantolerate,sogoodregulationisprovidedwhenthediodeisreversebiasedwithcurrentsbetweenIZKandIZMAX.Zenerdiodesareavailablewithawidevarietyofbreakdownvoltages.Anothertypeofvoltageregulatorisavailablewiththe7800seriesregulators.Thisseriesoffixed-voltageregulatorsisnumbered78xx,wherexxcorrespondstothevalueoftheoutputvoltage.Outputvoltagesfrom5to24voltsareavailable.Theseregulatorsareeasytouseandworkverywell.

Design:

1.FindapproximationsfortheDCvoltagelevelandACpeaktopeakripplevoltageforthebridgerectifierandfiltercircuitofFigure1-1.

2.FortheZenerdioderegulatorcircuitofFigure1-2assumethattheZenerdiodewillregulateat10Voveracurrentrangeof5mAto25mA.AssumingthatthecurrentflowingthroughRisalwaysbetween5mAand25mAandtheZenerdiodeisregulatingat10V,findtheminimumvaluesofRandRLrequired.Youmayassumetheforwarddiodedropforthetwodiodesis≈1V. 

LabProcedure:

1.ConstructthebridgerectifiercircuitofFigure1-1withoutthecapacitor.UsetheVariacwiththestep-downtransformerfortheinputvoltagetothebridgerectifier.WiththetransformerpluggedintotheVariac,adjusttheVariacuntilthesecondaryvoltagefromthetransformerequals12VRMS.BECAREFULnottoshortthesecondaryterminals!

Observethesecondarywaveformontheoscilloscope.PuttheoscilloscopeonDCcouplingandobservetheloadvoltagewaveformVL.Rememberthatboththeinputsourceandtheloadcannotshareacommongroundterminal.

2.Removepowerfromthecircuit.InsertthecapacitorasshowninFigure1-1beingsuretoobservethecorrectpolarity.Energizethecircuit.WiththeoscilloscopeonDCcoupling

observeVL.MeasuretheDCvoltagelevelusingthedigitalvoltmeter.WiththeoscilloscopeonACcouplingobservetheripplevoltageVR.Comparethesemeasuredvalueswiththecalculatedvalues.

3.Observetheeffectofloadingonthecircuitbychangingtheloadresistorfrom1kΩ

to500Ω.MeasuretheDCvoltagelevelwiththedigitalvoltmeter.ObservetheripplevoltagewiththeoscilloscopesetonACcoupling.Comparethesevalueswiththepreviouslyrecordedvalues.

4.RecordtheZenerdiodecharacteristiccurvefromthedigitalcurvetracer.Notethevalueofthebreakdownvoltageinthebreakdownregion.Alsonotethevalueofthe"knee"currentIZK.

5.AfterverifyingyourdesignedvaluesforRandRLwiththeinstructor,constructtheZenerdioderegulatorcircuitofFigure1-2.MeasuretheDCvoltagelevelwiththedigitalvoltmeterfortheminimumvalueofRLalongwithseveralvaluesaboveandbelowtheminimumvalue.BecarefulnottooverloadtheZenerdiode.Commentonthecircuit'soperationforthesedifferentloadresistances.

6.Constructthe7805regulatorcircuitofFigure1-3beingcarefultoobservethecorrectpinconfigurationoftheregulator.MeasuretheloadvoltageforRLequalto300Ω,200Ω,and100Ω.Calculatethecurrentforeachofthesecases.Doesthevalueoftheloadresistoraffecttheout