全国通用20英语19届高考专题复习专题10 任务型阅读Word格式文档下载.docx

全国通用20英语19届高考专题复习专题10 任务型阅读Word格式文档下载.docx

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PopulationChange

Whyistheworld’spopulationgrowing?

Theanswerisnotwhatyoumightthink.Thereasonfortheexplosionisnotthatpeoplehavebeenreproducinglikerabbits,butthatpeoplehavestoppeddroppingdeadlikeflies.In1900,peoplediedattheaverageageof30.By2000theaverageagewas65.Butwhileincreasinghealthwasatypicalfeatureofthe20thcentury,decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st.

Statisticsshowthattheaveragenumberofbirthsperwomanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermore,around50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthereplacementlevel（i.e.2.1birthsperwoman）andalmostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss（especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations）,butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmanydevelopingregionstoo,whichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforcewithinafewdecades.

AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina,forinstance.Whatdoesitimply?

First,Chinaneedstoundergorapideconomicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationzxxkdeclinehitsthecountry.Second,ifotherfactorssuchastechnologyremainconstant,economicgrowthandmaterialexpectationswillfallwellbelowrecentstandardsandthiscouldinvitetrouble.

Russiaisanothercountrywithpopulationproblemsthatcouldbreakitseconomicpromise.Since1992thenumberofpeopledyinghasbeenbiggerthanthatofthosebeingbornbyamassive50%.Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.Whyisthisoccurring?

Nobodyisquitesure,butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit.Ifcurrenttrendsdon’tbend,Russia’spopulationwillbeaboutthesizeofYemen’sbytheyear2050.

InthenorthofIndia,thepopulationisboomingduetohighbirthrates,butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal,25%ofIndia’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030,asixthofthecountry’spotentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.

Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.AsfortheUSA,itisalmostuniqueamongdevelopednationsinhavingapopulationthatisexpectedtogrowby20%from2010—2030.Moreover,theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulationandtowitnessstrongeconomicgrowthoverthelongerterm.

71.【答案】lower

【解析】根据＂decliningbirthratecouldbeadefiningoneofthe21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/even/far/alot/alittle等修饰比较级，故填lower。

72.【答案】size/scale

【解析】根据第二段中的＂almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencingsub-replacementbirthrate＂可知，发达国家人口出生率正在下降，即人口难以维持现有的规模，＂maintain＂一词是做题的依据，故填size/scale。

74.【答案】economic

【解析】接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题，根据＂economicdevelopmentbeforeapopulationdeclinehitsthecountry＂可知答案。

75.【答案】old/older

【解析】根据＂AgreatdeclineinyoungworkforceislikelytooccurinChina＂可知，中国可能会迎来年轻劳动力的危机，故填older。

76.【答案】earlier

【解析】根据＂thecountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961...butpoordietandabovealllong-timealcoholismhavemuchtodowithit＂可知，俄罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降。

77.【答案】living/life

【解析】此处是说，如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式，他们的情况可能会好一些。

78.【答案】equality

【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂butinthesouth,wheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace,birthrateisfallingrapidly＂可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。

79.【答案】immigration

【解析】根据最后一段中的＂Onesolutionisobviouslytoimportforeignworkersviaimmigration.＂可知，通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。

80.【答案】compensate

【解析】根据最后一段中的＂Moreover,theUSAhasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrants.Asaresultit’slikelytoseeariseinthesizeofitsworking-agepopulation＂可知，美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增加。

接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。

2.【江苏省泰州市泰州中学2018届高三上学期开学考试】

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“Thegaokao,China'

snationalcollegeentranceexam,iswinningmorerecognitionasawayforuniversitiesoverseastoevaluateChinesestudents,”recruitingofficerssaid.

StanleyNel,vice-presidentofinternationalrelationsattheUniversityofSanFranciscointheUnitedStates,whoisresponsiblefor