职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案052355Word文档格式.docx

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案052355Word文档格式.docx

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1、IntellectualDisability

Peoplewithintellectualdisabilityformoneofthelargestsingledisabilitygroupsinacommunity.Intellectualdisabilityreferstoageneralslownesstolearnandfunctionwithinsociety,andtheidentificationofintellectualdisabilityisusuallybasedonanassessmentofaperson'

sperformanceinavarietyoftests.Anindividual'

slevelofperformance,asassessed,canchangewithtimeandcircumstances.Withskilledtrainingandopportunityfordevelopment,peoplewithintellectualdisabilityhavemuchgreaterpotentialforacquiringskillsandforparticipationincommunitylifethanpreviouslyhadbeenthoughtpossible.

Inmanywesternsocieties,fivecategoriesofintellectualdisabilityhavetraditionallybeenusedinordertoindicatetheperceiveddegreeofdifficultyanindividualhaswithlearning.Allfivemayoccurineitherchildren,adolescentoradult,andshowasmild,moderate,severe,profoundormultipleintellectualdisability.

Forthemajorityofintellectualdisabilities,thereisnoidentifiablecausebuttherearesomecausesthatarewelldocumented.Theyinclude:

braindamageatbirthduetolackofoxygen—prolongedlaborduringchildbirth;

braindamagebeforebirthduetofactorssuchasrubella（风疹）,drugordiet-relatedproblems;

damageafterbirthduetoillnessessuchasencephalitis（脑膜炎）oraccident;

hereditarydefectsinthegenes;

abnormalchromosomecountresultingin,forexample,DownSyndrome（唐氏综合症）.

Likeeveryoneelse,peoplewithanintellectualdisabilityneedarewardingjob,asatisfyingplacetoliveandagoodsociallife.Buttheymayneedextrasupporttoachievethesethings.Goodsupportservicesarebasedontheprincipleofnormalization—whichmeansenablingpeopletobepartofthecommunitylikeeveryoneelse,

Withtheintroductionoftheintellectuallydisabledintocommunities,thereisaneedtopromoteawarenessofcommunication.Althoughmanypeoplemayhavelittleexperienceintalkingwithanintellectuallydisabledperson,therearecommonguidelinesthatcansimplifytheinteraction.Firstly,itisusefultorememberthatpeoplewithdisabilitieshavefeelings.Speakinginthesamefriendlymannerasyouwouldtoanyoneelseisalsorecommended.Beingpreparedtowaitalittlelongerforrepliesduringaconversationwithanintellectuallydisabledpersonwouldundoubtedlybenefittheexchange.

Fivecategoriesofintellectualdisabilityhavetraditionallybeenusedto____.

【单选题】

A.assessthedegreeofdifficultyanindividualhaswithlearning

B.illnessessuchasencephalitisoraccident

C.theyalsohavefeelings

D.anassessmentofaperson'

sperformanceinavarietyoftests

E.factorssuchasrubella,drugordiet-relatedproblems

F.benefittheexchange

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

根据题干线索词Fivecategories定位原文至第二段第一句“fivecategoriesofintellectualdisabilityhavetraditionallybeenusedinordertoindicatetheperceiveddegreeofdifficultyanindividualhaswithlearning”，由此推断，句中画线部分即为所需添加成分。

A选项属于原文复现，故为正确答案。

2、Cancer

Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebody'

sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes,thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem,andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor.Benign（良性的）tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand,inmostcases,theydonotcomeback.Malignant（恶性的）tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.

Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse,diet,exposuretoultravioletradiationfromthesun,orexposuretocarcinogens（致癌物）intheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.

Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,chemotherapy（化疗）,hormonetherapy,andbiologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods,dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer,whetherthediseasehasspread,thepatient'

sageandgeneralhealth,andotherfactors.Becausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues,itoftencausessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions,weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossiblesideeffects.

Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer,theextentofthedisease,andthepatient'

stoleranceforp