职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案052355Word文档格式.docx

1、1、Intellectual DisabilityPeople with intellectual disability form one of the largest single disability groups in a community. Intellectual disability refers to a general slowness to learn and function within society, and the identification of intellectual disability is usually based on an assessment

2、 of a persons performance in a variety of tests. An individuals level of performance, as assessed, can change with time and circumstances. With skilled training and opportunity for development, people with intellectual disability have much greater potential for acquiring skills and for participation

3、 in community life than previously had been thought possible.In many western societies, five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning. All five may occur in either children, adolescent o

4、r adult, and show as mild, moderate, severe, profound or multiple intellectual disability.For the majority of intellectual disabilities, there is no identifiable cause but there are some causes that are well documented. They include: brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygenprolonged labor during

5、childbirth; brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella （风疹）, drug or diet-related problems; damage after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis（脑膜炎） or accident; hereditary defects in the genes; abnormal chromosome count resulting in, for example, Down Syndrome（唐氏综合症）.Like everyon

6、e else, people with an intellectual disability need a rewarding job, a satisfying place to live and a good social life. But they may need extra support to achieve these things. Good support services are based on the principle of normalizationwhich means enabling people to be part of the community li

7、ke everyone else,With the introduction of the intellectually disabled into communities, there is a need to promote awareness of communication. Although many people may have little experience in talking with an intellectually disabled person, there are common guidelines that can simplify the interact

8、ion. Firstly, it is useful to remember that people with disabilities have feelings. Speaking in the same friendly manner as you would to anyone else is also recommended. Being prepared to wait a little longer for replies during a conversation with an intellectually disabled person would undoubtedly

9、benefit the exchange.Five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used to_.【单选题】A.assess the degree of difficulty an individual has with learningB.illnesses such as encephalitis or accidentC.they also have feelingsD.an assessment of a persons performance in a variety of testsE.

10、factors such as rubella, drug or diet-related problemsF.benefit the exchange正确答案:A答案解析:根据题干线索词Five categories定位原文至第二段第一句“five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning”，由此推断，句中画线部分即为所需添加成

11、分。A选项属于原文复现，故为正确答案。2、CancerCancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the bodys basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process go

12、es wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign （良性的） tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant （恶性的） tumors are ca

13、ncer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the g

14、rowth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens （致癌物） in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation the

15、rapy, chemotherapy （化疗）, hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spread, the patients age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also

16、 damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patients tolerance for p