剑桥初级语法 整理笔记Word格式文档下载.docx
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6、一般现在时的否定式:
Idon’t/hedoesn’t+动词原形
Idon’thaveabatheveryday.
【everyday表每天,作状语;
everyday表每天的,形容词】
7、一般现在时的疑问式:
Doyou…?
Do/does
主语
动词原形
Do
you
work
onSundays
yourfriends
live
nearhere
Does
Anne
play
tennis
Where
do
Yourfriends
Howoften
wash
yourhair
What
does
Thisword
Howmuch
it
cost
toflytoRome
*Whatdoyoudo?
表示“你是做什么工作的?
”
8、have/havegot
(1)
have=havegot
has=hasgot
Don’thave=haven’tgot
Doesn’thave=hasn’tgot
Doyouhave=haveyougot
Doeshehave=hashegot
(2)have表“吃、喝、拿”时,不能用havegot代替
have
havebreakfast/lunch/dinner
haveameal/apizza/asandwich
haveacupofcoffee
havesthtoeat/drink
(3)下列短语中,要用have
haveabath/ashower
havearest/aholiday/aparty
haveanicetime/agoodtrip/fun
haveawalk/aswim/agame
haveadream/anaccident
haveababy
havealook
15、现在完成时
(1)havedone
(2)just/already/yet
Just表“刚才”:
we’vejustarrived.
Already表“已经”(在预料之前):
they’vealreadyarrived.(=beforeyouexpected)
Yet表“直到现在”(用于否定句和疑问句中):
theyhaven’tarrivedyet.
(3)现在完成时与ever(用于疑问句中)/never连用:
Haveyoueverplayedgolf?
(4)gone表“去而未归”:
shehasgonetoChina.
Been表“去而已归”:
hehasbeentoChina.
(5)Howlonghaveyou…?
ShehasbeeninIrelandsinceMonday/forthreedays.
一般现在时
现在完成时
DanandKatearemarried.
Theyhavebeenmarriedforfouryears.
Areyoumarried?
Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?
现在进行时
现在完成进行时
I’mlearningEnglish.
HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?
25、whatareyoudoingtomorrow?
Iamdoingsomethingtomorrow表示“我已经安排好明天要做某事/我计划明天做某事”
Iamgoingtodosomething.同上(begoingto与will的区别)
注意:
用一般现在时表示时间表、节目单、火车与公共汽车时刻表等:
Thetrainarrivesat7.30.
27、will/shall
(1)Ishall=Iwill、weshall=wewill:
Ishallbelatetomorrow.=Iwillbelatetomorrow.
在构成将来时的时候,不可将shall与you/they/it/he/she等非第一人称连用:
Tomwillbelate.(而不能Tomshallbelate.)
(2)I’ll…表“提议或决定做某事”:
I’llphoneyoutomorrow.
IthinkI’ll/Idon’tthinkI’ll…表“决定做某事”:
IthinkI’llgotobedearlytonight.
(3)ShallI…/Shallwe…?
表“你认为…好吗?
28、might=may
29、can/could:
could为过去式
30、must/mustn’t/don’tneedto
(1)表示过去时,用hadto而不用must:
Wehadtowalkhomelastnight.
(2)don’tneedto=don’thaveto
31、should
(1)Ithink…should/Idon’tthink….should/doyouthink…should?
(2)oughtto=should
32、Ihaveto
(1)表过去时,用hadto
(2)表示认为有必要做某事或提出个人看法时,must或haveto都可以
不是表个人看法时,只能用haveto:
Eg:
Youcan’tparkyourcarherefornothing.Youhavetopay.(非个人看法)
It’safantasticfilm.Youmustseeit./Youhavetoseeit.
33、Iusedto/Ididn’tusedto/didyouuseto…?
38、therehasbeen/therehavebeen
一般过去时
Therewasanaccidentlastnight.
Look!
There’sbeenanaccident.
Whenwearrivedatthetheatre,therewasalongqueueoutside.
Thisroadisverydangerous.Therehavebeenmanyaccidents.
Whyarethosepolicemenoutsidethebank?
There’sbeen/therewasarobbery.
41、反义疑问句
Haveyou?
/areyou?
/don’tyou?
表“对某事感兴趣或感到惊奇”:
——I’veboughtanewcar.
——Oh,haveyou?
记住:
前否后肯,前肯后否
It’saniceday,isn’tit?
Thatisn’tyourcar,isit?
42、too/eithersoamI/neitherdoI
句尾
too(肯定)
I’mhappytoo.
either(否定)
I’mnothappyeither.
I’mhappy.
SoamI
(sowashe/sodoI/sowouldI)
I’mnot
I’mnothappy
NeitheramI
(可用nor代替neither)
Iam
(2)both+复数名词
either/neither单数名词,谓语动词用单数
both
(of)
the…
either
neither
of
these/those…
my/your/Paul’s…
44、疑问句
(1)isit…?
/haveyou…?
/dothey…?
whyisn’t…?
/whydon’t…?
(2)whosawyou?
/whodidyousee?
(3)以特殊疑问词开头的句子,介词位于句尾:
whereareyoufrom?
(4)what’sitlike?
/whataretheylike?
表询问某事物的情况——新旧、好坏、大小等
(5)疑问词
what
What+名词
Whattime…/whatsize
不加名词
What’syourname?
which
Which+名词(物/人)
Whichtraindidyoucatch?
不加名词时,不指代人
Whichisbiggest?
how
How+形容词/副词
Howtallareyou?
Howdeep/howheavy/howhigh/howbig…
What(范围更广)
Which(选择较少)
What’sthecapitalofArgentina?
Whichcolourdoyouprefer,pinkoryellow?
52、不定式与-ing形式
动词+不定式
plan
decide
try
+to…(towork/todo/tobe)
hope
expect
offer
promise
refuse
learn
动词+-ing
enjoy
stop
suggest
+-ing(doing/working)
mind
finish
动词+-ing或不定式
start
continue
+-ing/to…
begin
55、
goto
gotowork
gotoschool
gotouniversity
gotohospital
gotoprison
gotobed
gotosleep
gotochurch
gotothebank/thetheatre/theairport
gohome
gotothedoctor/dentist
(be)atwork
(be)atschool
(be)atuniversity
(be)inhospital
(be)inprison
(be)inbed
(be)in/atchurch
(be)athome
goon
goonholi