高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编阅读理解Word下载.docx

高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编阅读理解Word下载.docx

《高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编阅读理解Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编阅读理解Word下载.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

___________考号：

___________

一、任务型阅读

1.请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

TheCostofThinking

Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics.suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.

Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals（哺乳动物）weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.

Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'

snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull（倾骨）.It'

sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'

senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes（类人猿）requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'

shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee（黑猩猩）can'

twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.

Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'

seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.

Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks.

Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.

Introduction

•Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo 

①___________ofhumanbeings.

The 

②___________oflargehumanbrains

•Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.

•Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.

•Theanimalbrainrequiresless 

③___________whenthebodyisatrest.

• 

Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.

④___________ofwalkingupright

•Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor 

⑤___________againstenemies.

•Freedhandscanservesome 

⑥___________purposeandperformcomplextasks.

•Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and 

⑦___________thesizeofbrains.

•Walkinguprightresultsin 

⑧___________sufferings.

Conclusion

•Withalargebrain,humanbeings 

⑨___________otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.

•Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained 

⑩___________ofmeat-eatinganimals.

2.“Whateveryourjobis,thechancesarethatoneofthesemachinescandoitfasterorbetterthanyoucan.”

Asinnovationaccelerates,thousandsofjobswilldisappear,justasithashappenedinthepreviouscyclesofindustrialrevolutions.MachinespoweredbynarrowAIalgorithmscanalreadyperformcertain3-Dtasks（“dull,dirtyanddangerous”）muchbetterthanhumans.Thismaycreateenormouspainforthosewhoarelosingtheirjobsoverthenextfewyears,particularlyiftheydon'

tacquirethecomputer-relatedskillsthatwouldenablethemtofindmorecreativeopportunities.Wemustlearnfromthepreviouswavesofcreativedestructionifwearetolessenhumansufferingandincreasinginequality.

Forexample,somestatisticsindicatethatasmuchas3%ofthepopulationindevelopedcountriesworkasdrivers.Whenautomatedcarsbecomearealityinthenext15to25years,wemustofferpeoplewhowillbe“structurallyunemployed”somesortofcompensationincome,trainingandre-positioningopportunities.

Fortunately,theSchumpeterianwavesofdestructiveinnovationalsocreatejobs.Historyhasshowndisruptiveinnovationsarenotalwaysazero-sumgame.Inthelongrun,thelossoflow-added-valuejobstomachinescanhaveapositiveimpactintheoverallqualityoflifeofmostworkers.

TheATMparadoxisagoodexampleofthis.Asthe