高中英语 Unit 2 Cloning单元检测 新人教版选修8Word格式.docx

高中英语 Unit 2 Cloning单元检测 新人教版选修8Word格式.docx

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每小题2.5分,满分30分）

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A

Britishscientistshavedonesomethingthatmanypeoplethoughtwasimpossible:

theycreatedthefirstcloneofanadultmammal（哺乳动物）.Theclone,namedDolly,isaseven-month-oldsheep,grownfromacellofanadultfemalesheep.

Whatisaclone?

Acloneisacopy—ageneticcopy.Genesaretheinstructionsforlife.Theytellacellwhattodoandhowtodoit.Genesmakeeachindividualplantoranimaldifferentandunique.Butaclonehasthesamegenesastheoriginalorganism（生物体）.

Cloningisnotnew.Plantshavebeenclonedforcenturies.Newplantsareoftengrownfromcuttingfromanotherplant.Also,plantslikepineapples,strawberriesandcarnations（康乃馨）aresometimescloned.Onebenefitofcloningisthatwecanmakemanycopiesofthebestandhealthiestplants.

Ithasbeenmuchmoredifficulttocloneanimals.Frogshavebeencloned,buttheydiedastadpoles,neverlivinglongenoughtobecomeadultfrogs.Mice,sheepandcattlehavebeenclonedfromembryos（胚胎）.ButDollyisthefirsthealthycloneofanadultmammal.Howdidtheydoit?

（1）Anunfertilizedeggwastakenfromasheep.

（2）Theeggnucleus（细胞核）wasremoved.

（3）Acellwastakenfromtheudder（乳房）ofapregnant（怀孕的）sheep.Itwas“starved”,sothatitstoppedgrowing.

（4）Thetwocellswerecombinedintooneandthenimplantedinathirdsheep,whereitgrewnormally.

（5）Theclonewasborn.Itwasgeneticallyidenticaltothepregnantsheepinstep（3）.

Thissoundsmucheasierthanitactuallywas.Toendupwithoneclone,thescientistsstartedwith277uddercells.Andtheyneededinawaytomaketheeggcellacceptanewnucleus.Theydidthatbystarvingthecellinstep（3）.

Itmaysoonbepossibletoclonemanytypesofanimals.Willwealsobeable

toclonehumanorgans,orevenwholehumanbeings?

Wehaveonlybeguntothinkaboutthemoralityofclon

ingtechnology.Maybethequestiontoaskisnotwhetherwecanclonehumans,butinstead,shouldweclonehumans?

1Dollyisasheep　　　becausesheisgrownfromacellofanadultfemalesheep. 

A.thathasnotherfather　

B.thathasnothermother

C.thathasnoparents

D.thathasnotanytail

答案C

解析推理判断题。

从文中可以看出,多莉是从一只成年羊的细胞中克隆出来的,所以它没有父母,而是那只成年羊的一个翻版。

2WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Onlyplantscanbecloned.

B.Onlystrawberriesandcarnationscansometimesbecloned.

C.Animalsandplantshavequitealonghistoryofcloning.

D.Genescantellacellwhattodoandhowtodoitduringcloning.

答案D

解析细节理解题。

D项“基因在克隆过程中可以告诉细胞做什么及如何去做”,文章第二段说的正是这个意思。

第三段指植物可以克隆,第四段指动物也可以克隆,所以A项“只有植物可以克隆”不正确。

从文中第三段可知菠萝也是可以克隆的,所以B项“只有草莓和康乃馨可以克隆”不正确。

第三段中指植物已有几个世纪的克隆历史,而没有提到动物的克隆历史,所以C项“动植物都有相当长的克隆历史”与题意不符。

3Fromthefourthparagraphwecanknowthat　　　. 

A.atadpoleistheearlystageofagrown-upfrog

B.atadpoleisafrogwithoutatail

C.atadpoleisakindofanimal

D.atadpoleisacloneofanadultmammal

答案A

文章第四段第二句中说:

人们曾经克隆过青蛙,但在蝌蚪阶段就死了,并没有进入成年青蛙阶段,所以我们可以判断,蝌蚪是青蛙的早期形态,故A项正确。

4WhichistherightorderintheprocessofthecloneofDolly?

a.Takinganunfertilizedeggfromanadultfemalesheep.

b.Removingtheegg’snucleus.

c.Combiningthetwocellsintooneandthenimplantingitinathirdsheep.

d.Takingacell

fromtheudderofapregnantsheep.

A.abcd　　　　　　　　B.cabd

C.abdcD.dcba

解析细节排序题。

根据克隆的步骤

（1）~（4）可知应选C项。

B

（导学号58980010）

HaveyouseenJurassicPark?

Inthisfilm,scientistsuseDNAkeptfortensofmillionsofyearstoclonedinosaurs.They

findtrouble,however,whentheyrealizethattheclonedcreaturesaresmarterandmoredangerousthanexpected.That’snothingmorethanafiction.

Butcouldwereallycloneendangeredanimals?

Todate,themostsuccessfulattempttodosowasthecloningofagaur（野牛）,arareox-likeanimalfromsoutheastAsia.Scientistsusedacowtobringtheclonedbabygaur,namedNoah.Twodaysafterbirth,however,Noahdiedfromacommonbacterialinfection.OtherendangeredspeciesthatmaybeclonedincludetheAfricanbongoantelope（邦戈羚羊）,theSumatrantiger,thecheetah（猎豹）,andthegiantpanda.

Next,couldwereallycloneextinctanimals?

Intheory?

Yes.Todothis,youneedawell-keptsourceofDNAfromtheextinctanimalssuchaswoolmammoth（毛象）,Tasmaniantiger,orevendinosaur,andacloselyrelatedspecies,stillliving,whichcouldserveasasurrogatemother. 

Inreality?

Probablynot.Ontheonehand,it’snotlikelythatextinctanimals’DNAcouldsurviveundamagedforsuchalongtime.Cloningextinctanimalsaswoolmammoth,Tasmaniantiger,ordinosaurismuchmoredifficultduetothelackofproperlywell-preservedDNA.Ontheotherhand,forexample,agaurcanhaveacowasasurrogatemother,definitelynotamonkey.Butwhataboutanextinctanimalasuniqueasthepanda?

Whatspeciescouldpossiblyserveasasurrogat

emother?

Cloningpresentsmany