实用参考大学英语六级考试真题及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Directions:
Forthispart,Pouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaPentitledHowToImproveStudent'
sMentalHealth?
.Poushouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
1.大学生的心理健康十分重要
2.因此,学校可以……
3.我们自己应当……
HowToImproveStudent'
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PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Inthispart,Pouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklPandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
SupersizeSurprise
AskanPonewhPthereisanobesitPepidemicandthePwilltellPouthatit’saldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.ThateGplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesitPepidemicandreverseit.PetobesitPresearchersareincreasinglPdissatisfiedwithit.ManPnowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促成)suchdramaticrisesinobesitPoverthepast40Pearsorso.NobodPissaPingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphPsicalactivitPandincreasedavailabilitPoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,butthePcannoteGplainitall.
EarlierthisPearareviewpaperbP20obesitPeGpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeeGplanationsfortheepidemic.HerethePare.
1.Notenoughsleep
ItiswidelPbelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebodP.Couldashortageofshut-ePealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?
Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaPbealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodPmassindeGthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbPtheUSNationalHealthandNutritionEGaminationSurveP.SimilarlP,theUSNurses’HealthStudP,whichtracked68,000womenfor16Pears,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudPperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.
It’swellknownthatobesitPimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studPsuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:
sleeplossmaPprecipitateweightgain.
Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallParesleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A20GGpollbPtheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbPtheincreaseinobesitP.
2.Climatecontrol
Wehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodPtemperaturesprettPmuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.WedothisbPalteringourmetabolic(新陈代谢的)rate,shiveringorsweating.KeepingwarmandstaPingcooltakeenergPunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglPwherewechoosetoliveandwork.
ThereisnodenPingthatambienttemperatures(环境温度)havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and20GG,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachillP13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesitPratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.
CouldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallPmakeadifferencetoourweight?
SadlP,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.StudiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergP.
3.Lesssmoking
Badnews:
smokersreallPdotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallPdoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhP.ItprobablPhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupPourmetabolicrate.
KatherineFlegalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHPattsville,MarPland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bPtheUSNationalHealthandNutritionEGaminationSurveP,thePworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelPtobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,foreGample,nearlPhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonlP28%ofsmokers.
4.Geneticeffects
PourschancesofbecomingfatmaPbeset,atleastinpart,beforePouwereevenborn.ChildrenofobesemothersaremuchmorelikelPtobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancParemuchmorelikelPtobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.IntriguinglP,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grandchildrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormallP-soPoufatemaPhavebeensealedevenbeforePouwereconceived.
5.Alittleolder…
Somegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurvePscarriedoutbPtheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelPtobeobeseasPoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectrum:
MeGican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelPthanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblac