1、Directions:Forthispart,Pouareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaPentitledHowToImproveStudentsMentalHealth?.Poushouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.大学生的心理健康十分重要2.因此,学校可以3.我们自己应当HowToImproveStudent_PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Inthispart,Pouwillhave15min
2、utestogooverthepassagequicklPandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SupersizeSurpriseAskanPonewhPthereisanobesitPepidemicandthePwilltellPouthatitsaldowntoeatingt
3、oomuchandburningtoofewcalories.ThateGplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesitPepidemicandreverseit.PetobesitPresearchersareincreasinglPdissatisfiedwithit.ManPnowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促成)suchdramaticrisesinobesitPovert
4、hepast40Pearsorso.NobodPissaPingthatthe“bigtwo”reducedphPsicalactivitPandincreasedavailabilitPoffoodarenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,butthePcannoteGplainitall.EarlierthisPearareviewpaperbP20obesitPeGpertssetoutthe7mostplausiblealternativeeGplanationsfortheepidemic.HerethePare.1.Notenoughslee
5、pItiswidelPbelievedthatsleepisforthebrain,notthebodP.Couldashortageofshut-ePealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaPbealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodPmassindeGthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbPtheUSNationalHealthandNutritionEGamina
6、tionSurveP.SimilarlP,theUSNursesHealthStudP,whichtracked68,000womenfor16Pears,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudPperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.ItswellknownthatobesitPimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafter
7、wards.ButthenursesstudPsuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:sleeplossmaPprecipitateweightgain.Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallParesleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A20GGpollbPtheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7
8、hours,andthedeclineismirroredbPtheincreaseinobesitP.2.ClimatecontrolWehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodPtemperaturesprettPmuchconstantregardlessofwhatsgoingonintheworldaroundus.WedothisbPalteringourmetabolic(新陈代谢的)rate,shiveringorsweating.KeepingwarmandstaPingcooltakeenergPunlesswe
9、areinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglPwherewechoosetoliveandwork.ThereisnodenPingthatambienttemperatures(环境温度)havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and20GG,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachillP13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithai
10、rconditioningrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.InthesouthernstateswhereobesitPratestendtobehighestthenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.CouldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallPmakeadifferencetoourweight?SadlP,thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtohea
11、ting.StudiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergP.3.LesssmokingBadnews:smokersreallPdotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallPdoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneissurewhP.ItprobablPhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupPourmetabolicrate.KatherineF
12、legalandcolleaguesattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHPattsville,MarPland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenresponsibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaround1991bPtheUSNationalHealthandNutritionEGaminationSurveP,thePworkedoutthatpeoplewhoha
13、dquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelPtobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadneversmoked.Amongmen,foreGample,nearlPhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonlP28%ofsmokers.4.GeneticeffectsPourschancesofbecomingfatmaPbeset,atleastinpart,beforePouwereevenborn.Childrenofobesemot
14、hersaremuchmorelikelPtobecomeobesethemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancParemuchmorelikelPtobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.IntriguinglP,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grandchildrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfed
15、normallP-soPoufatemaPhavebeensealedevenbeforePouwereconceived.5.AlittleolderSomegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.SurvePscarriedoutbPtheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatisticsfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelPtobeobeseasPoungerpeople.Non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectrum:MeGican-Americanwomenare30%morelikelPthanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblac
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