英美文学复习笔记整理文档格式.doc
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3.theRenaissance,thereforeinessenceisahistoricalperiodin
whichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandScholarsmadeattemptto
getridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinMedievalEurope,to
introducenewideasthatexpressedthepurityoftherising
bourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthe
corruptionoftheRomanCatholicchurch.
4.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance
(1)Capableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionof
perfection.
(2)Theyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebytoquestion,explore
andenjoy.
(3)ByemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingandtheImportanceof
thepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonly
havetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife
(4)TomasMore,ChristopherMarlowandWilliamShakespearearethe
bestrepresentativeoftheEnglishhumanist.
5Metaphysicalpoetry:
Metaphysicalischaracterizedbypassionate
thoughtsuccessionofconcentratedimage,exerciseofelaborate
ingenuityand“wit”,JohnDonewasthefamousoftheMetaphysical
poet.TheMetaphysicalPoetsweremenoflearningandtoshowtheir
learningwastheirendeavour.
EdmundSpencer
Masterpiece:
TheFaerieQueene(allegory)
ChristopherMarlowe
Universitywits
Importantplays:
Tambulaine,Dr.Faustus,TheJewofMetaEdmundII
MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceof
infinitepowersandauthority
(1)Perfectedtheblankverse.
(2)CreationoftheRenaissanceherotoEnglishdrama,itembodies
Marlowe’sidealofhumandignityandcapacity.
Dr.Faustus:
aspiringforknowledge,theplay’sdominantmoralis
humanratherthanreligious,itcelebratesthehumanpassionfor
knowledge,powerandhappiness,italsorevealsman’sfrustration
inrealizingthehighaspirationinahostilemoralorderandthe
confinementtotimeisthecruelestfactofman’scondition.
WilliamShakespeare
1.Works:
154sonnets,38plays,2longpoems
Comedy:
MerchantofVenice.
24greattragedies:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth
Eachportrayssomenoblehero,whofacetheinjusticeofhumanfate
iscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation,eachhero
hashisweaknessofnature.Hamlet,themelancholicscholar-prince,
facesthedilemmabetweenactionandmind:
Othello’sinnerweakness
ismadeuseofbytheoutsideevilforce;
theoldKingLearwhois
unwillingtototallygiveuphispowermakeshimselfsuffer,from
treacheryandinfidelity;
Macbeth’slustforpowerstirsuphis
ambitionandleadshimtoincessantcrime.
3MerchantofVenice
Inthisplay,Shakespearehascreatedtension:
ambiguity,aself
consciousandself-delightingartificethatisatonce
intellectuallyexistingandemotionallyengaging.The
sophisticationderivesinpartfromtheplaybetweenhigh,
outstandingromanceanddarkfacesofnegatingandhatethe
traditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetween
AntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreat
beauty,witandloyalty,andtoexploreinsuitablegreedand
brutalityoftheJew.
4Hamlet.
Theplayhasthequalitiesofa“blood-and-thunder”thrilleranda
philosophicalexplorationoflifeoflifeanddeath,thetimeless
appealofhismightydramaliesinitscombinationofinjustice,
emotionalconflictandsearchingphilosophicmelancholy.Hamletis
obligedtoinhabitashadowworld,tolivesuspendedbetweenfact
andfiction,languageandaction.Hislifeisoneoftheconstant
role-playingexaminingthenatureofactingonlytodenyits
possibility.Forsu