从功能对能理论看英文商务信函的翻译Word文档格式.docx

从功能对能理论看英文商务信函的翻译Word文档格式.docx

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11.EnglishBusinessLetters3

2.1thestructureofenglishbusinessletters3

2.2.thefunctionofbusinessletters3

111.TranslationofEnglishbusinessletters5

3.1PrinciplesforthetranslationofEnglishbusinessletters5

3.1.1Correctness5

3.1.2Conciseness6

3.1.3Completeness7

3.1.4Courtesy7

3.2.Classificationsofbusinesslettersandtranslationofeachcategory8

3.3Strategiesforbusinesslettertranslationandtheirapplication9

3.3.1Jargonandfixedexpressions9

3.3.2Translationofcommonwords10

3.3.3Translationoffixedsentencepatterns10

3.4FunctionalequivalenceinEnglishbusinessletters11

Bibliography13

March23,201217

FacultyAdviser:

LiYuanyuan17

I.Nida’sFunctionalEquivalence

In1969，thefamousAmericantranslationtheoristEugeneA.Nidaputforwardfunctionalequivalencetheory.Unlikethetraditionaltranslationtheoriesthatmainlystressthecorrespondencebetweenthesourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,Nida’sfunctionalequivalencetheoryreader’sresponse.Nidapointsoutthatinordertoreachtheidealtranslation,itisnecessarytofindtheclosetnaturalequivalence.Nida'

sfunctionalequivalencetheoryopenupanewperspectivetotranslationstudies.

InNida’sview,translationisnotonlytheequivalenceofwords’meaning,butalsoincludessemantics,andstyle,themessagetranslationofboththesurfacelexicalinformation,butalsodeepculturalinformation.Nida’sfocusonreceptor’sresponseinhisnewconceptoftranslatingisactuallythetheoryofdynamicequivalence，whichis”directedprimarilytowardequivalenceofresponseratherthanequivalenceofform”．

InNida’sopinion,adynamicequivalenttranslationmustfitthereceptorlanguageandcultureinordertomakethetranslatedmessageintelligibleandnaturaltothetargetlanguagereceptors．“Atranslationofdynamicequivalenceaimsatcompletenaturalnessofexpression，andtriestorelatethereceptortomodesofbehaviorrelevantwithinthecontextofhisownculture；

itdoesnotinsistthatheunderstandstheculturalpatternsofthesourcelanguagecontextinordertocomprehendthemessage.”

In1969,inNida’sworkFromOneLanguagetoAnother,hestartedtousethetermfunctionalequivalencetoreplacedynamicequivalent.However,thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthem.Nidadescribedfunctionalequivalencelikethis:

“Basically,dynamicequivalencehasbeendescribedintermsoffunctionalequivalence．Thetranslationhasbeendefinedonthebasisthatthereceptorsofatranslationshouldcomprehendthetranslatedtexttosuchallextentthattheycallunderstandhowtheoriginalreceptorsmusthaveunderstoodtheoriginaltext.”

Nidafurtherperfecthistheoryinthe1990s.InhisbookLanguage,CultureandTranslating,hedividedfunctionalequivalenceintodifferentdegreesofadequacyfromminimaltomaximaleffectivenessonthebasisofbothcognitiveandexperientialfactors.TheMinimaldefinitionoffunctionalequivalenceis“Thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehendittothepointthattheycallconceiveofhowtheoriginalreadersofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciatedit.”TheMaximaldefinitionoffunctionalequivalencecouldbestatedas“Thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletounderstandandappreciateitinessentiallythesamemannerastheoriginalreadersdid”.

11.EnglishBusinessLetters

2.1thestructureofenglishbusinessletters

Abusinessletterismoreformalthanapersonalletter.Itshouldhaveamarginofatleastoneinchonallfouredges.Therearesixpartstoabusinessletter.

1.TheHeading.

2.TheInsideAddress.

3.TheGreeting.

4.TheBody.

5.TheComplimentaryClose.

6.TheSignatureLine.

2.2.thefunctionofbusinessletters

Businessletterssecure,promoteandmaintainbusinesswithoutcomplications,Businesslettersserveusareferenceforthefuture.Everyorganizationshouldhavetoclassifyitsoutgoingmailandincomingmailandfilethemclassifiedonthebasisoftheirsubjectmatterinachronologicalsequence.

Wecanenumeratethefunctionsofabusinessletterthus:

（a）PromotionalFunctions:

Businessorganizationshavetogrowandenlarge,improvingthequalityoftheirproducts,byproducingnewproductsandprovidingbetterservices.Thecustomershavetobekeptinformedthroughlettersthesedevelopments.Businessorganizationshavetoexpandtheirmarketbytappingnewareas.Allroundexpansionispossibleonlyiftheorganizationkeepsallthepeopleconcernedwellinformedthroughlettersthatpromotesalesandservice.

（b）InformationalFunctions:

Businesslettersprovidevaluabledataaboutearlierpolicies,transa