从功能对能理论看英文商务信函的翻译Word文档格式.docx

1、11. English Business Letters 32.1 the structure of english business letters 32.2. the function of business letters 3111.Translation of English business letters 53.1 Principles for the translation of English business letters 53.1.1 Correctness 53.1.2 Conciseness 63.1.3 Completeness 73.1.4 Courtesy 73

2、.2.Classifications of business letters and translation of each category 83.3 Strategies for business letter translation and their application 93.3.1 Jargon and fixed expressions 93.3.2 Translation of common words 103.3.3 Translation of fixed sentence patterns 103.4 Functional equivalence in English

3、business letters 11Bibliography 13March 23, 2012 17Faculty Adviser: Li Yuanyuan 17 I. Nidas Functional Equivalence In 1969，the famous American translation theorist Eugene A. Nida put forward functional equivalence theory. Unlike the traditional translation theories that mainly stress the corresponde

4、nce between the source language and target language, Nidas functional equivalence theory readers response. Nida points out that in order to reach the ideal translation, it is necessary to find the closet natural equivalence. Nidas functional equivalence theory open up a new perspective to translatio

5、n studies. In Nidas view, translation is not only the equivalence of words meaning, but also includes semantics, and style, the message translation of both the surface lexical information, but also deep cultural information. Nidas focus on receptors response in his new concept of translating is actu

6、ally the theory of dynamic equivalence，which is” directed primarily toward equivalence of response rather than equivalence of form” In Nidas opinion, a dynamic equivalent translation must fit the receptor language and culture in order to make the translated message intelligible and natural to the ta

7、rget language receptors“A translation of dynamic equivalence aims at complete naturalness of expression，and tries to relate the receptor to modes of behavior relevant within the context of his own culture；it does not insist that he understands the cultural patterns of the source language context in

8、order to comprehend the message.” In 1969, in Nidas work From One Language to Another, he started to use the term functional equivalence to replace dynamic equivalent. However, there is not much difference between them. Nida described functional equivalence like this: “Basically, dynamic equivalence

9、 has been described in terms of functional equivalenceThe translation has been defined on the basis that the receptors of a translation should comprehend the translated text to such all extent that they call understand how the original receptors must have understood the original text .” Nida further

10、 perfect his theory in the 1990s. In his book Language, Culture and Translating, he divided functional equivalence into different degrees of adequacy from minimal to maximal effectiveness on the basis of both cognitive and experiential factors. The Minimal definition of functional equivalence is “Th

11、e readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they call conceive of how the original readers of the text must have understood and appreciated it.” The Maximal definition of functional equivalence could be stated as “The readers of a translated text should be able t

12、o understand and appreciate it in essentially the same manner as the original readers did”. 11. English Business Letters2.1 the structure of english business letters A business letter is more formal than a personal letter. It should have a margin of at least one inch on all four edges. There are six

13、 parts to a business letter. 1. The Heading. 2. The Inside Address. 3. The Greeting. 4. The Body. 5. The Complimentary Close. 6. The Signature Line. 2.2. the function of business letters Business letters secure, promote and maintain business without complications, Business letters serve us a referen

14、ce for the future. Every organization should have to classify its outgoing mail and incoming mail and file them classified on the basis of their subject matter in a chronological sequence. We can enumerate the functions of a business letter thus :（a） Promotional Functions: Business organizations hav

15、e to grow and enlarge, improving the quality of their products, by producing new products and providing better services. The customers have to be kept informed through letters these developments. Business organizations have to expand their market by tapping new areas. All round expansion is possible only if the organization keeps all the people concerned well informed through letters that promote sales and service.（b） Informational Functions: Business letters provide valuable data about earlier policies, transa