招教英美文学复习资料.doc
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时间就是金钱,效率就是生命!
(英美文学系统复习讲义)
第一部分殖民主义时期的文学/colonialism系统复习:
一、Americanculture
Britishculture继承→Puritanism①清教(17-18C)depict描绘美景②endlesslandtreasures被财富吸引
Negroes
AmericanIndians.
二、TudorDynasty(1485-1603)
1590年againstSpain//RomanCatholic\church(议会)parliament清教徒组成的
17Cbreakdown(资产阶级与君王制)dissolve
到CharlesⅠ“monopoly”垄断grant
Civilwar(1642-1649)
OliverCromwell:
cloakPuritanism清教的口号:
节欲
MaryBarton宪章运动
鲁滨逊colonization
三、1688GloriousRevolution贵族与资产阶级达成妥协
IndustrialRevolution
EnclosureMovement(15C-18C)圈地运动
Enlightenment
1、RomanCatholicchurch天主教
2、ChurchofEngland=英国国教=Anglican
为了摆脱天主教,国主自创的,又名protestant,新教廷
Conform(1662)“Actsofuniformity”统一法案
3、Puritan=Nonconformist=是新教的一个分支,清教徒不同意“统一法案”,又叫持不同政见者。
更极端,不要繁琐程序,individualism.
书上内容:
一、时期综述(关于清教的应该都是重点)
1、清教徒采用的文学体裁:
A、narratives日记B、journals游记
2、清教徒在美国的写作内容:
①theirvoyagetothenewland②adaptingthemselvestounfamiliarclimatesandcrops
③aboutdealingwithIndians④guidetothenewland,endlessbounty,invitationtoboldspirit
★3、清教徒的想法:
①Puritanswanttomakeuppuretheirreligiousbeliefsandpractices.净化信仰和行为方式②wishtorestoresimplicitytochurchservicesandtheauthorityoftheBibletotheology.重建教堂,提供简单服务,建立神圣地位③lookuponthemselvesasachosenpeople,anditfollowlogicallythatanyonewhochallengedtheirwayoflifeisopposingGod’swillandisnottobeaccepted.认为自己是上帝选民,对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。
④Puritanoppositiontopleasureandtheartssometimeshasbeenexaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步。
⑤religiousteachingtendedtoemphasizetheimageofawrathfulGod.强调上帝严厉的一面,忽视上帝仁慈的一面。
4、典型的清教徒:
JohnCottonandRogerWilliams
他们的不同:
JohnCottonwasmuchmoreconcernedwithauthoritythanwithdemocracy.
WilliamsbeginsthehistoryofreligioustolerationinAmerica.
5、Williams的宗教观点:
Tolerationdidnotstemfromalackofreligiousconvictions.Instead,itsprangfromtheideathatsimplytobevirtuousinconductanddevoutinbeliefdidnotgiveanyonetherighttoforcebeliefonothers.HealsofeltthatnopoliticalorderorchurchsystemcouldidentifyitselfdirectlywithGod.
行为上的德,信仰上的诚,并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。
没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。
6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人:
AnneBradstreet
7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人:
thebestofPuritanpoetsisEdwardTaylor.
学习指南:
1、CouldyougiveadescriptionofAmericanPuritans?
关于美国清教徒的描绘
LiketheirbrothersbackinEngland,wereidealists,believingthattheChurchshouldberestoredtothe“purity”ofthefirst-centuryChurchasestablishedbyJesusChristHimself.Tothemreligionwasamatterofprimaryimportance.TheymadeittheirchiefbusinesstoseethatmanlivedandthoughtandactedinawaywhichtendedtothegloryofGod.Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod,allthatJohnCalvin,thegreatFrenchtheologianwholivedinGenevahadpreached.Itwasthiskindofreligiousbeliefthattheybroughtwiththemintothewildness.TheretheymeanttoprovethatwereGod’schosenpeopleenjoyinghisblessingsonthisearthasinheaven.
2、Hardwork,thrift,pietyandsobrietywerethePuritanvaluesthatdominatedmuchoftheearliestAmericanwriting.
3、Theworkoftwowriters,AnneBradstreetandEdwardTaylor,rosetothelevelofrealpoetry.
4、TheearliestsettlersincludedDutch,Swedes,Germans,French,SpaniardsItalian,andPortuguese.
第二部分理性和革命时期文学/reasoningandrevolution
课堂笔记:
EconomicallyBackground:
Colony→state1770suprising(争端)inNorth→Americanagainst→Britain
2.Politically
1776-1783warofIndependence→USA
RepresentativesProse\essay:
BenjaminFranklin:
Autobiography
ThomasPaine:
CommonSense
ThomasJefferson:
DeclarationofIndependence
PhilipFreneau:
poet\journalist
启蒙运动对美国的影响:
opposecoliralorderandreligiousobscurantism.
Seculareducationandliterature→Franklin
书上内容:
一、时期综述
1、美国的性质:
ThewarforIndependenceendedintheformationofaFederativebourgeoisdemocraticrepublic–the
UnitedStatesofAmerica.联邦的资产阶级民主共和国——美利坚合众国。
二、代表作家:
1、BenjaminFranklin本杰明.弗兰克林
①代表作:
“PoorRichard’sAlmanac”穷人理查德的年鉴annualcollectionofproverbs流行谚语集
Itsoonbecamethemostpopularbookofitskind,largelybecauseofFranklin’sshrewdhumor,andfirst
spreadhisreputation.机智、幽默、风趣成为最畅销的书籍,弗兰克林的成名作。
②FoundtheJunto,aclubforinformaldiscussionofscientific,economicandpoliticalideas.
建立了一个秘密俱乐部,讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题。
③establishedAmerica’sfirstcirculatinglibrary,foundedthecollege—UniversityofPennsylvania.
建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆,还创办了一所大学—就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。
④firstappliedtheterms“positive”and“negative”toelectricalcharges.
在电子运动中,首次使用了电流中的“正电”和“负电”的专业术语。
⑤AsarepresentativeoftheColonies,hetriedinvaintocounseltheBritishtowardpoliciesthatwouldletAmericagrowandflourishinassociationwit