招教英美文学复习资料.doc

1、时间就是金钱，效率就是生命！（英美文学系统复习讲义）第一部分 殖民主义时期的文学/colonialism系统复习： 一、American culture British culture 继承 Puritanism 清教(17-18C) depict 描绘美景 endless land treasures 被财富吸引 Negroes American Indians. 二、Tudor Dynasty (1485-1603) 1590年 against Spain / Roman Catholic church (议会) parliament 清教徒组成的 17C break down (资产阶级

2、与君王制) dissolve 到 Charles “monopoly”垄断 grant Civil war （1642-1649） Oliver Cromwell: cloak Puritanism 清教的口号：节欲 Mary Barton 宪章运动 鲁滨逊 colonization 三、1688 Glorious Revolution 贵族与资产阶级达成妥协 Industrial Revolution Enclosure Movement (15C-18C) 圈地运动 Enlightenment 1、Roman Catholic church 天主教 2、Church of England

3、= 英国国教 = Anglican 为了摆脱天主教，国主自创的，又名protestant, 新教廷 Conform (1662) “Acts of uniformity”统一法案 3、Puritan = Nonconformist = 是新教的一个分支，清教徒不同意“统一法案”，又叫持不同政见者。 更极端，不要繁琐程序，individualism. 书上内容： 一、时期综述（关于清教的应该都是重点） 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：A、narratives 日记 B、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：their voyage to the new land adapting the

4、mselves to unfamiliar climates and crops about dealing with Indians guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的想法：Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.净化信仰和行为方式wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to t

5、heology.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位look upon themselves as a chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing Gods will and is not to be accepted.认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分

6、荒唐的地步。religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton and Roger Williams 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy. Williams begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、Williams的宗教观点：Tolerat

7、ion did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行

8、为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Taylor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the Church sh

9、ould be restored to the “purity” of the first-century Church as established by Jesus Christ Himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrin

10、e of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There the

11、y meant to prove that were Gods chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of re

12、al poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese.第二部分 理性和革命时期文学/reasoning and revolution课堂笔记： Economically Background: Colony state 1770s uprising(争端) in North American agains t Britain 2. Politically1776-1783 war of Independence USA Repre

13、sentatives Prose essay： Benjamin Franklin: Autobiography Thomas Paine: Common Sense Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence Philip Freneau: poet journalist 启蒙运动对美国的影响 : oppose coliral order and religious obscurantism. Secular education and literature Franklin 书上内容：一、时期综述 1、美国的性质：The war for In

14、dependence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic the United States of America.联邦的资产阶级民主共和国美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明.弗兰克林 代表作：“Poor Richards Almanac”穷人理查德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集 It soon became the most popular book of its kind, largely beca

15、use of Franklins shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation. 机智、幽默、风趣成为最畅销的书籍，弗兰克林的成名作。 Found the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题。 established Americas first circulating library, founded the college University of

16、 Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学。 first applied the terms “positive” and “negative” to electrical charges. 在电子运动中，首次使用了电流中的“正电”和“负电”的专业术语。 As a representative of the Colonies, he tried in vain to counsel the British toward policies that would let America grow and flourish in association wit