广州市八年级下英语Unit1同步教学.docx
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广州市八年级下英语Unit1同步教学
广州学乐教育
Unit1同步教学
学生姓名__
就读年级__
授课老师__
授课日期__
教研院审核_____________
作业布置
1、学生上次作业评价:
○好○较好○一般○差
备注:
2、本次课后作业:
课堂小结
家长签字:
日期:
年月日
Unit 1Helping those in need
Voluntarywork
Threeteenagersofferedtodosomevoluntaryworkduringtheschoolholidays.Theywrotethefollowingreports.
Ididsomevoluntaryworkinachildren’shospital.Thechildrenthereallsufferfromseriousillness.Weorganizedapaintingcompetitionforthem.
ImetagirlcalledCindy.Shewantedtopaintapictureoftheparknearherhome.Iwentthereandtooksomephotosofit.Cindyusedthemforherpainting.
Betty
Therearemanychildrenwithoutparents.Imetsomeofthesechildrenwithmymother.Wetaughtthemtotellstories.Thishelpsthemexpresstheirfeelings.Onechildsaid,“Myfriendsdon’tunderstandmypain.”
WespenttimewithagirlcalledVivien.Herparentsdiedinacaraccident,andsheisunhappyandverylonely.Sheneedsfriendship.MymotherandIwillcontinuetovisitVivien.
Mark
Iwantedtohelpdisabledchildren.Theyhavedifficultywalkingormoving.Itaughtthemtosingbecausemusiccanbringthemjoyandpeace.
ImetaboycalledTim.Hehurthislegsinanaccident,buthehaslotsofcourage.WeneedtohelpchildrenlikeTimandraisetheirspirits.Iwillcontinuetodovoluntaryworkinthefuture.
Annie
重点单词的讲解
1.raise v. 筹集;提升;增加
第三人称单数:
raises 过去式:
raised 过去分词:
raised 现在分词:
raising
搭配:
raise one’s voice 提高嗓门;raise a family 养家糊口;
raise money 筹款; raise price 提高价格;
raise one’s spirits 打起精神 raise = keep 有“饲养,抚养”的意思,如:
raise cattle = keep cattle(饲养牲口)和raise children(抚养孩子)
辨析:
raise, rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别
(1) 这两个词都有“提高,上升,增加”的意思,但其用法不同。
raise是及物动词,其主语通常是人;而rise是不及物动词,其主语通常是物。
例如:
The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起,普照大地。
(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。
例如:
The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。
(政府或厂家主动行动)
The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。
(市场调节)
2.permission n. = agreement 准许;批准
Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permission to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。
同根词:
permit v. = allow you to do it 许可,准许;默许
The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.
3.disabled adj. 有伤残的;丧失能力的;不中用
I taught disabled children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌。
同根词:
disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力;使残废,使伤残
He is disabled from voting. 他失去了选举资格。
enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使(某人)能够做某事
The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.
新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。
搭配:
mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍
4.offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出
Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。
搭配:
offer one’s hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物
They have offered me a large sum of money to go away.
他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费
辨析:
provide, offer的区别:
provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西,仅仅是出于某种责任,强调提供必须用的东西,尤其是生活用品。
常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。
offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。
常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。
例如:
offer sb.主动提出帮助某人;offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。
Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。
He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。
5.illness n. (某种)病
The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。
同根词:
ill adj. 有病的 (比较级:
worse, 最高级:
worst)
辨析:
ill, sick的区别:
ill和sick都有“生病的;有病的”之意,但用法并不完全相同。
ill表示“生病的;有病的”这一意思时,一般用作表语,不能作定语;
而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语,如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick, 但不能说an ill man或the ill。
例如:
She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。
She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。
sick 有“恶心的;厌倦的”之意。
例如:
The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。
ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的;邪恶的”之意。
例如:
He is an ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。
6.organize v. 组织
In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 最终,我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。
同根词:
organization n. 组织;机构;团体
What do you know about our organization?
关于我们的组织你知道些什么?
7.express v. 表达;表露
This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。
同根词:
expression n. 表现,表示,表达;表情
She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。
8.lonely adj. 孤独的;寂寞的;荒凉的 (比较级:
lonelier最高级:
loneliest)
It felt like the loneliest place in the world. 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。
辨析:
lonely, alone的区别:
alone为形容词,意为“单独的”,只作表语,不能作定语。
侧重说明独自一人,没有助手或同伴,没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。
lonely意为“孤独的”,表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞,有较浓的感情色彩,指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。
它为形容词,在句中作表语或定语。
作定语时,意为“荒凉;偏僻”,多修饰表示地点的名词。
alone还可以作副词。
alone adv. 单独;独自
She went home alone.= She went home by herself. 她独自回家去了。
The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上,他独自一人住着,但他并不感到孤独。
9.friendship n. 友情;友谊
同根词:
friend n. 朋友 复数:
friends.
I had a long talk about this with my best friend.
friendly adj. 友好的
Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers. 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。
friendliness n. 友善
She also loves the friendliness of the people. 她也喜欢人们的友善。
10.difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难;费劲
The country is facing great economic difficulties. 该国正面临巨大的经济困难。
同根词:
difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的
The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。
搭配:
have difficulty (in) doing something 做……有困难
I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood. 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。
in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难
The bank is in difficulty/difficulties. 这家银行处境困难。
11.joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快;喜悦
I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教他们唱歌,因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。
同根词:
joyful n. 快乐的,高兴的;令人开心的,使人喜悦的
He was excited and joyful at the success. 他因成功而激动欣喜。
搭配:
to one’s joy 令人高兴的是,使某人高兴的是
To her joy her son was permitted to a key university.
12.peace n. 平静;宁静
the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖
One more question and I’ll leave you in peace. 再问一个问题,我就不打扰你了。
同根词:
peaceful adj. 和平的;爱好和平的;安静的;平静的
Evening in the country is a very peaceful time. 乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。
13.hurt v. = injure 使疼痛;受伤
Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿,但他很勇敢。
同根词:
hurt adj. 受伤的;痛苦的;(受)损坏的
They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。
搭配:
hurt oneself 受伤
Have you hurt yourself?
你伤着自己了吗?
14.courage n. 勇气;勇敢
He showed great courage and determination. 他表现得十分勇敢和果断。
同根词:
encourage v. 鼓励,鼓舞;支持;促进;鼓动
My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。
搭配:
take one’s courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做;敢作敢为
Taking her courage in both hands, she opened the door and walked in. 她壮着胆打开门,走了进去。
courage in the face of danger 面对危险时的胆量
15.pay v. 付款;偿还
We paid ₤35 for each ticket. 我们每张票付了35英镑。
同根词:
pay n. 工资;薪水;报答
They complained about their pay and conditions. 他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。
搭配:
pay off 偿清(债务);支付(债务)的全部数额 pay for 为……付款
pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观,拜访
辨析:
spend, take, cost和pay的用法区别:
take, spend, cost, pay都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:
(1)spend time/money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。
例如:
I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2)spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。
例如:
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……
例如:
His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) + 金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。
例如:
A new computer costs a lot of money.
(2)(doing) sth. costs (sb.) + 时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
例如:
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:
cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:
(1)It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
例如:
It took them three years to build this road. 他们用三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth. takes sb. + 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
例如:
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。
pay的基本用法是:
(1)pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱(给某人)买…… 例如:
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英镑的房租。
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱 例如:
I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱 例如:
Don’t worry!
I’ll pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人 例如:
They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。
(5)pay money back 还钱 例如:
May I borrow 12 yuan from you?
I’ll pay it back next week.
(6)pay off one’s money 还清钱。
cost…… 某物价值多少元
The book costs 2 yuan. 那本书2元钱
spend……某人花费多少元
We spend 2 yuan buying the book. 我们花费2元买那本书。
注意:
cost的主语是物(某物花费了多少),spend的主语是人(某人花费了多少)。
sth. cost sb. some money
sb. spend some money/time on sth. / (in) doing sth.
The car cost him around ten thousand US dollars. 这车花去他一万美元左右。
The error cost the company one million pounds. 这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。
spend 主语只能是人,表示“……在……上花费了……”
I spent $100 on the bike. 我花了一百美元买下那辆自行车。
They spent three months touring Europe. 他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。
总结:
take一般用it作主语,例如:
it takes sb. sometime to do sth.
spend一般是人作主语,例如:
I spend an hour finishing my homework.
cost表示某物值什么的(价值或钱),例如:
The book cost 200 yuan.
pay一般是人作主语,例如:
I pay lots of money for books.
学习语法
【专题讲】
非谓语动词——动词不定式的用法
英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:
动词不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一、一些动词常接动词不定式作宾语,如want, decide, hope, ask, agree,
choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare等。
例:
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.
I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.
注:
有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但所表达的意义不同。
常见的有:
(1)stop to do sth.停止正在做的事,去做另一件事;
stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事
(2)go on to do sth. 做完一件事后,继续做另一件事;
go on doing sth.继续做同一件事
(3)remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘记去做某事;
remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事
二、不定式结构中,不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom,
whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why),以及连词whether