科技英语的特征和翻译的技巧.docx

科技英语的特征和翻译的技巧.docx

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科技英语的特征和翻译的技巧

成绩

毕业论文

英文题目:

TheCharacteristicsofESTandTechniquesofTranslation

中文题目:

科技英语的特征和翻译的技巧

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Abstract

Withtheinternationalacademicexchangetheincreasinglywidespread,EnglishforScienceandTechnology（EST）hasbeenpaidgreatattention.Basedonthereality,makeatentativestudy—theoreticallyandsystematically.ThearticledefinesEnglishforScienceandTechnologyfromthedevelopmenthistoryofEnglishtranslation.Whatthekindofthestyletypeisit.Comparedwithotherstyletypes,whatisthedifficulty?

Thenextstep,theauthordetaileddemonstratesthecharacteristicsofESTfromtwosides:

vocabularyandsyntax.Andtheauthorcomesupwiththeprinciplesoftranslation.FinallystatethetechniquesofEST’stranslationsystematicallyinorderthatitcanhelppeoplegraspthebasicrulesandcommonlyusedskillsofEST’Stranslationandpracticaltranslatingtechniques.SotheycanmakegreatprogressintranslatingEnglishforScienceandTechnology.Thepurposeofmypaperismainlytohelppeopleread,understandandenjoythesciencearoundthemineverydaylife.

Keywords：

EST,languagecharacteristics,translation,principles,techniques

摘要

随着国际学术交流的日益广泛，科技英语已经受到普遍的重视，针对现状对科技英语翻译方法与技巧作了综合、系统性理论研究。

本文从英语翻译发展的历史讲起，论述了科技英语的定义，它是种什么样的文体类型，与其他类型文体相比有什么不同之处。

接着通过详细的从词汇，句法两个方面来介绍它的语言特点，并提出了翻译的原则。

最后引出我们翻译科技英语的一些技巧。

目的是在于帮助人们运用所学的知识，掌握科技英语翻译的基本规律和方法，以及非常实用的翻译技巧，提高他们科技英语的翻译能力，便于他们了解周围的科技成果.

关键词：

科技英语，语言特点，翻译，原则，技巧

Contents

AbstractI

摘要II

ContentsIII

Chapter1Introduction1

1.1Context1

1.2SignificanceoftheStudy1

1.3ShapeofthePaper2

Chapter2TheCharacteristicsofEST3

2.1DefinitionofEST4

2.2CharacteristicsInVocabularyofEST4

2.21Affixation5

2.22Compounding5

2.23Blending6

2.24Acronym6

2.25ProperNouns7

2.3CharacteristicsInSyntaxofEST7

2.31MoreLongandComplicatedSentences7

2.32MoreNominalization8

2.33ExtensiveUseofThePassiveVoice8

2.34MoreNon-FiniteFormsoftheVerb9

2.35DifferentUsesoftheTense9

2.36ThePost-positionoftheAttributive9

Chapter3TechniquesEmployedintheTranslationofEST10

3.1Faith-fullnessExpressivenessandElegance10

3.2SemanticExtension11

3.21SemanticConversion11

3.22SemanticMaterialization12

3.23SemanticAbstraction12

3.3SemanticAmplificationorOmission12

3.4WordConversion13

3.41ConvertingintoVerbs13

3.42ConvertingintoNouns13

3.43ConvertingintoAdjectives14

3.44ConvertingintoAdverbs14

3.5LongSentences15

3.51MethodsofTranslatingLongSentencesinEST15

Chapter4Conclusion19

Bibliography20

Chapter1Introduction

1.1Context

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandthegradualpenetrationofglobaleconomicintegration,EnglishforScienceandTechnology（EST）attractedmoreandmoreattentionandconcernofexpertsinlanguageandsciencecommunity.ESTisincreasinglyshowingitsuniqueness.Ithasbecomeanindependentstyle.Translationisaprocesstouseanotherlanguagetoexpressexpressedthingsinonelanguagefluentlyandaccurately.Comparedwithothersubjects’essay,scientificspecializedcontextsdogreatlydifferinthecontent,theformofexpressionandstyle.Ithasthecharacteristicsofstrongtechnology,strongspecialtyandstrong,tightlogicandsuccinctexpression.

1.2SignificanceoftheStudy

ThispaperdiscussedthetranslationandtechniquesofEnglishforScienceandTechnology．Basedonthereality,thepresentthesisaimsatmakingatentativestudy—theoreticallyandsystematically.Inourdailylife,weoftenreadvariouskindsofarticleswritteninEnglish.TheauthordemonstratesthecharactersofEnglishforScienceandTechnologyandexplainsthetechniquesthattheteachersinteachingtranslationofculturalEnglishandEnglishforScienceandTechnology.TheauthoralsostatesthecriteriaandtechniquesofEST’stranslationsystematicallyinorderthatitcanhelpstudentsgraspthebasicrulesandcommonlyusedtechniquesofEST’stranslationandpracticaltranslatingtechniques.SotheycanmakegreatprogressintranslatingEnglishforScienceandTechnology.Thepurposeofmypaperismainlytohelpyoungpeopleread，understandandenjoythesciencearoundthemineverydaylife.

1.3ShapeofthePaper

Thisthesisincludesfourparts.

Chapter1,theintroductionpart,whichwillbeinitiatedbyintroducingthecontext,researchproblemsandsignificanceofthestudy.

Chapter2touchesbrieflyupontheknowledgeofEST--itstwocharacters．EnglishandChinesearesodifferentthattheyformtheirowncharacters．AndEnglishforScienceandTechnologyhasitscharacteristics．Authorstatesitstwocharactersinvocabularyandsyntax.

Chapter3statesbasicprinciplesemployedinthetranslationofEST.Faith-fulnessl,expressivenessandelegancearethethreeprinciplesinthetranslationofEST.AnditpresentseveraltechniquesemployedinthetranslationofEST.

TheconclusionchaptergeneralizescharacteristicsofESTandprinciples,techniquesoftranslation.Atlaststatemypurpose.

Chapter2TheCharacteristicsofEST

InChina，translationfirstexistedasthepurposeofforeignlanguagelearningandwastaughtasacourseasearlyasintheMingDynasty.IntheQingDynasty,Englishwasfirsttaughtin同文馆whosepurposewasalsototrainprofessionaltranslatorsforthegovernment．Generallyspeakingfrom1920sto1949，themainmethodusedinEnglishteachinginordinaryschoolswasthemethodofgrammar-translationFromtheyear1949to1956，onlyBasicEnglishwastaughtintheuniversitiesbecausemanystudentsstudiedRussianinthemiddleschools．Since1977，Englishhasregaineditspopularity,andEnglishinstructiontodayisbetterthanitwaseverbefore．WiththeexchangebetweenChinaandtheEnglishspeakingcountriesinEnglishteaching，includingtheexchangeofresearchandteachingstaff,theexchangeoftextbooksandacademicperiodicals．peoplebegantohaveabetterunderstandingofthetheoryandpracticeofEnglishteachinginforeigncountries，whichhasgreatinfluenceonthedevelopmentofEnglishteachinginChina．Translation，ononehand，isusedasamethodinEnglishteaching,ontheotherhand，isregardedasaseparatecoursefortheEnglishmajorsintheforeignlanguagecollegesanddepartments．Meanwhiletranslationisalsotreatedasoneofthefivebasicskillsforthenon-Englishmajorstudentsinalmosteveryuniversity．

EnglishandChinesearedifferentkindsoflanguages.Becauseofthedifferencesinregionandculturebackground,theusesofthesetwolanguagesarecompletelydifferent.Theyformedtheirownuniquestylesandcharacters.TheteachingofESTtranslationandtechniquescanhelppeoplelearnEnglishwellandincreasetheirabilityoftranslation.

2.1DefinitionofEST

ESTisthelanguageusedintheprofessionalcontextsofnaturalscienceandtechnology.Itisdifferentfromotherstyletypes.

1.ESTdoesnothavetheemotionalcolor.Itspurposeistomakethereaderunderstandeasilyanddonotproducetoomuchimagination.Alsodonotoftenuseparables,parallelism,hyperbolerhetoric,buttoaccuratelyexpresstheobjectivelaw,accordingtologicalthinkingclearlydescribetheproblem.

2.ThevocabularyofESTmeaningissingle-minded,stable,especiallyalargenumberofprofessionaltermswhichmeaningisfixed,exclusive.Eveniflike“do,take,make”thesecommonverbswhichhavemanymeanings.Theyalsocomparativelyfixedthemeaningofwords.TheexpressioniseasytounderstandinEST.

3.ESTisawrittenlanguage.Itrequiresrigorous,concise,anddoesn'taskforthemagnificentwordsaccumulation.Italsodoesnotconsiderreadingandreciting.

Generallyspeaking，thereisnospecialrequirementforthetranslationofESTincomparisonwithgeneralEnglishexceptforitswordingandcharacteristicstructures．HereIamgoingtosurveythetranslationofESTintwoaspects：

Itsvocabularyandsyntax（刘宓庆，1998）.

2.2CharacteristicsInVocabularyofEST

OneofthemostdistinctivefeatureofESTisitstechnicalterms,whichnotonlyaccountforalargepartofEnglishvocabulary,butalsoarethemostimportantsourceofnewlycoinedwordsinmodernEnglish,rangingoveranextensiveareaofvariousfields（马万超，2006）.AmasteryofthemwillbenefitusagreatdealintranslationofEST.

Intermsofform,Englishtechnicaltermsmaybeclassifiedintothreecategories,namely,singlewords（e.g.Internet因特网.）compoundforms（e.g.splashdown溅落.）andphrases（e.g.on-and-off-the-road路面越野两用的）.Sincemostofthetechnicaltermscomeoutofthebasicrulesofword-formation.It’snecessaryforustoconductabriefsurveyoftheirformation------affixation,compounding,blending,acronym,propernouns（潘尔艳，2006）.

2.21Affixation

Affixationisanimportantmeansofcoiningnewwordsandtechnicalterms，withprefixandsuffixasinseparableelementsofthewordsbeingcoined．Theseprefixesandsuffixesarefamiliartous.Manytechnicaltermsofsuchformationcanbetranslatedappropriately．Theadvantageofaffixationisevident：

itisthemostflexiblemeansofformingnewwordsanditspotentialofcreationisalmostboundless，thereforeitisextensivelyusedintheformationoftechnicalterms．BesidesprefixandsuffixofEnglishorigin，therearesomeforeignborrowings，noticeablytheLatinones，e．g．bio-（生命、生物），thermo-（热），electro-（电），aero-（空气），carbo-（碳），hydro-（水），-mania（热、狂），etc．Ifwearefamiliarwiththeseprefixesandsuffixes，manytechnicaltermsofsuchformationcanbetranslatedappropriately．Thefollowingaresometypicalexamples．

Bathythermograph=bathy+thermo+graph海水测量仪

Deoxyribonucleic=de+oxy+ribo+nucleic脱