高考英语一轮复习Module3Unit1Theworldofoursenses题型组合训练四A牛津译林版.docx

高考英语一轮复习Module3Unit1Theworldofoursenses题型组合训练四A牛津译林版.docx

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高考英语一轮复习Module3Unit1Theworldofoursenses题型组合训练四A牛津译林版

题型组合训练四（A）

阅读理解

　　阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

A

（2018江西质检）

TheUSpresidentDonaldTrumphaspopularizedthephrase“fakenews”.ButnottoolongagothesewordsincombinationwouldhavemeantlittletoeverydayEnglishspeakers.

AnatolyLiberman,aGerman,writesabouttheoriginsoftheword“fake”.Theword,itturnsout,hasaverydarkpast.Thebestguessathow“fake”becamethemainstream,arguesLiberman,isthatitwasakindusedbythievesintheLondonunderworld.But“howitgotthere,nobodyintheworldknows,andprobablynobodywilleverknow,”hetellsQuartz.

LibermanisaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheauthorofWordOriginsandHowWeKnowThem.Hewritesthatearlyrecordsof“fake”asanEnglishadjectiveappearedaroundthemiddleofthe18thcentury.Thewordlikelycomesfromcant,orthiefjargon（行话）.

TheOEDmentions“fake”asaverbstartingin1819,whichbasicallymeant“todo”injargon,butalso“tokill,wound,orrob”.Anentryfromadictionarythatyearreads:

“Tofakeanypersonorplace,torobthem;tofakeapersonmayalsoimplytoshoot,wound,orcut;tofakeamanoutandout,istokillhim.”

LibermantracesthewordnexttoCharlesDickens,whoused“cly-faker”,where“cly”meanspocket,inOliverTwist.Thisishowhebelievestheknowledgeof“fake”asawordthatmeanstosteal,spread.EventuallyitbecameacommonplaceEnglishword.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

1.Theunderlinedword“fake”inParagraph1probablymeans　　　. 

A.lyingB.trueC.commonD.interesting

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnatolyLiberman?

A.Heisskilledinsomeforeignlanguages.

B.HeisinterestedinalltheEnglishwords.

C.HelivedinEnglandforalongtime.

D.HelikeswritingarticlesinEnglishverymuch.

3.Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?

A.ThehistoryofEnglishwords.

B.SomestoriesaboutEnglishwords.

C.TheimportanceoftheEnglishword“fake”.

D.TheoriginsofanEnglishword.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

A.WemustfocusonthewordsofDonaldTrump.

B.WeshouldstudyEnglishwordsverycarefully.

C.“Fake”likelycomesfromwordsusedbyaclassofpeople.

D.AnatolyLibermanlikestotracethecommonplaceEnglishwords.

答案　

[语篇解读]　美国总统特朗普使得“假新闻”这个词成为流行词。

文章探讨了“fake”这个词的起源。

它曾是伦敦底层社会里小偷之间的行话,意为“做”“杀死”“偷”等。

1.A　词义猜测题。

美国总统特朗普使得“假新闻”一词成为流行词。

由此可知,fake的意思应为“假的”,故选A项。

2.A　推理判断题。

由第三段中的“LibermanisaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheauthorofWordOriginsandHowWeKnowThem.”可知,Liberman是明尼苏达大学的教授,也是WordOriginsandHowWeKnowThem一书的作者。

且在文中他探索了fake一词的起源。

由此可以推知,他非常擅长外语。

故选A项。

3.D　主旨大意题。

由文章第二段中的“AnatolyLiberman,aGerman,writesabouttheoriginsoftheword‘fake’.”和下文的具体介绍可知,文章探讨了“fake”这个词的起源,也就是探索一个英语单词的起源,故选D项。

4.C　推理判断题。

由第二段中的“Thebestguessathow‘fake’becamethemainstream,arguesLiberman,isthatitwasakindusedbythievesintheLondonunderworld.”可知,Liberman提出,关于“fake”一词如何成为主流词,最可靠的猜测应该是,它曾是伦敦底层社会里小偷之间的行话,也就是社会某一阶层的人使用的语言,故选C项。

B

（2018课标全国Ⅰ）

GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:

GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion（一份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”

Theeight-partseries（系列节目）,SaveMoney:

GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

5.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.

B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.

D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.

6.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.

B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.

D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

7.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.

B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.

D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef

D.CookingWellforLess

答案　

[语篇解读]　本文介绍了英国节目主持人SusannaReid创办的一档新节目SaveMoney:

GoodFood的相关情况。

5.B　细节理解题。

根据第一段的butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole可知,她创办了一档新节目,故选B项。

6.C　推理判断题。

根据第二段第一句话（在节目SaveMoney:

GoodFood中,她每周拜访一个不同的家庭,并且在厨师MattTebbutt的帮助下在准备每个家庭每天低于5英镑的食谱时提供如何减少食物浪费的很好的建议）可知,MattTebbutt在做饭方面帮助了Susanna,故选C项。

7.C　推理判断题。

文章前三段主要介绍了新节目SaveMoney:

GoodFood的相关情况,而第四段介绍了它和节目SaveMoney:

GoodHealth的关系。

由此推断本段主要补充这一节目的背景知识,故选C项。

8.D　主旨大意题。

通读全文可知,文章介绍了英国节目主持人SusannaReid通过创办新节目SaveMoney:

GoodFood教给观众如何花更少的钱制作更美味的食物。

故选D项。

C

　　You’reouttodinner.Thefoodisdeliciousandtheserviceisfine.Youdecidetoleaveabigfattip.Why?

Theanswermaynotbeassimpleasyouthink.

Tipping,psychologistshavefound,isnotjustaboutservice.Instead,studieshaveshownthattippingcanbeaffectedbypsychologicalreactionstoaseriesofdifferentfactorsfromthewaiter’schoiceofwords,tohowtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders,tothetotalbill.Evenhowmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselvescandeterminehowmuchchangetheypocketbytheendofthenight.

“Studiesbeforehaveshownthatmimicry（模仿）bringsintopositivefeelingsforthemimicker,”wroteRickvanBaaren,asocialpsychologyprofessor.“Thesestudiesshowthatpeoplewhoarebeingmimickedbecomemoregeneroustowardthepersonwhomimicsthem.”

SoRickvanBaarendivided59waitersintotwogroups.Herequestedthathalfservewithaphrasesuchas“Comingup!

”Thoseintheotherhallwereinstructedtorepeattheordersandpreferencesbacktothecustomers.RickvanBaarenthencomparedtheirtake-homepay.Theresultswereclear—itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat（模仿者）waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.

LeonardGreenandJoelMyerson,psychologistsatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis,foundthegenerosityofatippermaybelimitedbyhisbill.Afterresearchonthe1,000tipsleftforwaiters,cab-drivers,andhairstylists,theyfoundtippercentagesinthesethreeareasdroppedascustomers’billswentup.Infact,tippercentagesappeartoaplateau（稳定期）whenbillstopped$100andabillfor$200madetheworkergainnobiggerpercentagetipthanabillfor$100.

“That’salsoapointoftipping,”Greensays.“Youhavetogivealittleextratothecab-driverforbeingtheretopickyouupandsomethingtothewaiterforbeingtheretoserveyou.Iftheyweren’tthere,you’dnevergetanyservice.Sopartoftheideaofatipisforjustbeingthere.”

9.Howmanyfactorsaffectthecustomers’tipping?

A.6.B.5.C.4.D.3.

10.Whatdothestudiesshow?

A.Mimicrybringsintoverybadfeelingsforthemimicker.

B.Thewaiterwhomimicspeopleusuallygetsfewertipsthattheygive.

C.Themimicwaiterscangetmoremoneythanthosewhodon’tmimicothers.

D.Tippingcanbeaffectedbyphysicalreactionstomanydifferentwaiters.

11.Whatistheopinionoftheauthoraccordingtothepassage?

A.Hegiveshisgeneroustiptowaitersveryoften.

B.HeagreeswithMr.GreenandRickvanBaarenabouttipping.

C.HeobjectstoMr.Green’sideaabouttipping.

D.HethinkspartofMr.Green’sexplanationisreasonable.

12.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A.HowMuchtoTip

B.WhatAreTips

C.WheretoLeaveaBigFatTip

D.TippingIsVeryImportant

答案　

[语篇解读]　文章分析了影响服务生所得小费的多少的因素。

9.B　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的Tipping,psychologistshavefound,isnotjustaboutservice.Instead,studieshaveshownthat...bytheendofthenight.可知,不仅仅是服务（notjustaboutservice）,服务生对用词的选择（thewaiter’schoiceofwords）、服务生在顾客用餐时的举动（howtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders）、账单的总额（thetotalbill）以及服务生对顾客的提醒（howmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselves）这五个方面影响了获得小费的多少,故选B项。

10.C　细节理解题。

由第四段中的“Theresultswereclear—itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat（模仿者）waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.”可知,研究结果很明显,模仿顾客的服务生所得小费是其他服务生（即不模仿顾客的服务生）的两倍。

故选C项。

11.B　推理判断题。

第二段作者提出,很多因素影响了服务生所得小费的多少。

下文作者列举Mr.Green和RickvanBaaren的例子就是为了证明自己的观点。

由此可以推知,作者是支持这两个人的观点的。

故选B项。

12.A　主旨大意题。

第二段提出:

很多因素影响了服务生所得小费的多少。

从第三段开始,作者用RickvanBaaren,LeonardGreen和JoelMyerson的研究证明了第二段提出的观点。

由此可知本文的主题是“该给多少小费”,故选A项。

D

Nowpeopleareveryconcernedaboutthefoodproblem.SteveWilsonprefersorganicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.Heiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the30-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.

“Organicproductisalwaysbetter,”Wilsonsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides（农药）,andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislo