上海市九年级一轮复习阅读理解之天气9篇.docx

上海市九年级一轮复习阅读理解之天气9篇.docx

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上海市九年级一轮复习阅读理解之天气9篇

Passage1

Manyofthemostdamagingtypesofweatherbeginquickly,strikesuddenly,anddisappearrapidly,destroyingsmallareaswhileleavingneighboringareasuntouched.SucheventasatornadostruckthenortheasternpartofEdmonton,Alberta,inJuly1987.Totaldamagesfromthetornadowentbeyond$250million,thehighesteverforanyCanadianstorm.

Traditionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshort-livedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstostudycarefullytheslightatmosphericchangesthatcomebeforethesestorms.Inmostnations,forexample,weather-balloonobservationsaretakenjustonceeverytwelvehoursatplacesseparatedbyhundredsofmiles.Withsuchlimiteddata,traditionalforecastingmodelsdoamuchbetterjobpredictinggeneralweatherconditionsoverlargeareasthantheydoforecastingspecificlocalevents.

Untilrecently,theobservationintensivemethodneededforexact,veryshort-rangeforecasts,or"Nowcasts,"wasnotpossible.Thecostofequippingandoperatingmanythousandsofconventionalweatherstationswasextremelyhigh,andthedifficultiesconcernedinrapidlycollectingandprocessingtheweatherdatafromsuchanetworkwerehardtoovercome.

Fortunately,scientificandtechnologicaladvanceshaveovercomemostoftheseproblems.Radarsystemsandsatellitesareallabletomakedetailed,nearlycontinuousobservationoverlargeareasatalowercost.Communicationssatellitescansendoutdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandimmediately,andmodemcomputerscanquicklycollectandanalyzethislargeamountofweatherinformation.

Meteorologists（气象学家^）andcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentabletochangeweatherdataintowordsandgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscanunderstandeasilyandquickly.Asmeteorologistshavebegunusingthesenewtechnologiesinweatherforecastingoffices,Nowcastingisbecomingareality.

1.Whycan'ttraditionalcomputermodelspredictshort-livedlocalstorms?

A.Theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong.

B.Detailedweatherdatainsomesmallareasarenotavailable.

C.Thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictthem.

D.Thecomputersarenotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents.

2.Theword"Nowcast"inParagraph3means.

A.anetworktocollectstormdata

B.awayofcollectingweatherdata

C.amoreadvancedsystemofweatherobservation

D.aforecastwhichcanpredictweatherinthesmallarea

3.Whatcanmake"Nowcasts"arealityaccordingtothepassage?

A.Scientificandtechnologicaladvances.

B.Advancedcomputerprograms.

C.Computerscientists.

D.Meteorologists.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Theadvantagesof"Nowcasts".

B.AtornadoinEdmonton,Alberta.

C.Thedifficultyinpredictingtornado.

D.Agreatdevelopmentinweatherforecast.

Passage2

Whenastormiscoming,mostpeopleleavetheareaasquicklyaspossibleandheadforsafety.Butthereareafewpeoplewhowillgetintotheircarsandgostraightforthecenterofthestorm.Thesepeoplearewillingtorisk（冒......危险）beingkilledbyfloodsor100-kilometer-an-hourwindsfortheexcitementofwatchingthestormcloseup.

"Stormchasing（追逐）"isbecominganincreasinglypopularhobby（喜好）,especiallyintheMidwestoftheUnitedStates,wheretherearefrequentstormsbetweenMarchandJuly.AstormchaserbeginsthedaybycheckingtheInternetforthelatestweatherreports,andthendrivesupto1,000kilometerstowherethestormwillbeandwaitsforittodevelop.

Althoughanyonecandoit,stormchasingisextremelydangerous.Thepowerofabigstormcanthrowacowintotheairordestroyawholehouseinseconds.Stormchasersarealsooftenhurtinaccidentscausedbydrivinginaheavyrain.Ifyouareabeginner,itismuchsafertojoinagroupforstorm-chasingvacationsduringthestormseason.

Eventhen,stormchasingisnotalladventureandexcitement."Stormchasingis95%driving,"saysDanielLynch,whospendsmostofhissummerstorm-chasing."Sometimesyoucansitaroundforhourswaitingforsomethingtohappen,andallyougetisblueskyandafewlightshowers."

However,forstormchasers,itisallworthit."Whenyougetclosetoastorm,itisthemostexcitingsightyouwilleverseeinyourlife,"saysJasperMorley."Everystormisanexampleofthepowerofnature.ItisthegreatestshowonEarth."

（）1.Forstormchasing,thefirstthingstormchasersdoisto.

A.headstraightforthecenterofthestorm

B.getintothecarforsafety

C.waitpatientlyforthestormtodevelop

D.collectinformationaboutacomingstorm

（）2.Beginnersofstormchasingareadvised.

A.nottodriveinaheavyrainB.todoitinanorganizedway

C.nottogettooclosetoastormD.tospendmoretimeonitinsummer

（）3.Bysaying"itisallworthit"inthelastparagraph,theauthormeansthat.

A.stormchasingcostsalotofmoney

B.stormchasingisworthhoursofwaiting

C.effortsinstormchasingarewellrepaid

D.astormpresentsthegreatestshowonEarth

Passage3

Whenpeoplewanttoknowabouttheweather,theyusuallygototheirradios,TVs,newspapers,ortotheInternet.However,youcanalsofindmanyweathersignsamongwildlife,becauseoftheirhighlydevelopedsenses.Dropsinairpressure（压力）produceaneffectonsmallanimalsinmanyways.Miceanddeeraregoodweatherindicators.Peoplewhospendalotoftimeoutdoorshaveobservedthat,beforeastorm,fieldmicecomeoutoftheirholesandrunaround.Deerleavehighgroundandcomedownfromthemountains.

Birdsareespeciallygoodweatherindicatorsbecausetheyalsoshowtheeffectofapressuredropinmanyways.Forexample,somebirdsbecomeirritable（急躁的）andquarrelsomeandwillfightoverapieceofbread.Otherbirdschirp（叽叽喳喳）andsingjustbeforeastorm.Itseemstheyknowtheywon’tgetanotherchanceforanhourortwo.Birdsalsoseeksafeplacesbeforeastorm.Youwillsometimesseebirdssettlingintreesorgatheringtogetheronawireclosetoabuilding.Pre-stormlowpressuremakestheairso thinthatbirdshavedifficultyflying.

Itisunusualtoseemanybirdsflyingoverheadinthesummertime,ratherthanduringtheperiodsinthespringorautumn.Watchforotherweathersignsifyouseethis.Iftheyflyinthewrongdirection,theymaybeflyingaheadofastorm.

Bypayingcloserattentiontosomeimportantsignsinnature,wecanbecomebetterpreparedforanykindofweather.

1.Theword“indicators”inParagraph1probablymeans ______.

A.mapsB.servicesC.signsD.stations

2.Therewillbeastormifbirds______.

A.makemorenoisethanusualB.flyindifferentdirections

C.comedownfromtalltreesD.shareapieceofbread

3.Howcanbirdssensethecomingofastorm?

A.Byfeelingadropinairtemperature.

B.Bynoticingthechangeofwinddirections.

C.Byfeelingadropinairpressure.

D.Bynoticingthemovementsofotheranimals.

4.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe ______.

A.SignsofaStormB.DropsinAirPressure

C.Animals’SharpSensesD.Nature’sWeatherSigns

Passage4

  ClimatechangewillincreaseU.Swildfires,andthesmokyairwillcauseterribleproblemsinareasfarbeyondthoseburned,reportsanenvironmentalgroupThursday.

    Two-thirdsofAmericans,ornearly212million,livedinstatessufferingfromwildfiresmokethreeyearsago,accordingtothereportbytheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil（NRDC）.Theseareas,whichhadsmokeforatleastaweek,werenearly50timesgreaterthanthoseburneddirectlybyfire.

“ Itaffectsamuchwiderareaofthe UnitedStates thanpeoplehaverealized,” saysauthorKimKnowlton,aColumbiaUniversityhealthprofessor,addingthesmokecanmoveuptohundredsofmiles.Shesaysthesmokecontainsairpollutionandcancauseseveralkindsofdisease.

Texaswashithardest in2011,whensmokestayedforatleastaweekinareasthat arehometo25millionpeople,accordingtoNRDC’sreport.Illinois,whichrecordednowildfireswithinitsborders（边界）,ranked（排名）secondwithnearly12millionpeopleaffectedbysmokethatmovedinfromelsewhere.Theothereightstateswiththemostpeopleexposed（接触 ）tosmokyairwere,indescending（下降的）order:

 Florida,Missouri,Georgia,Louisiana,Michigan,Alabama,OklahomaandIowa.

Nearlytwodozenstateshadnowildfireswithintheirbordersin2011,buteightofthemstillhadatleastoneweekofsmokyair:

 Illinois, Missouri, Iowa,Kansas, Nebraska, Indiana, Wisconsin and Ohio.

Only18statesandthe DistrictofColumbia hadnopeopleexposedtoatleastaweekofsmokethatyear,althoughfiveofthem----Alaska, California, Hawaii,Nevada and Utah---hadalargeareaburnedbywildfires.

Theproblemwillonlygetworse,Knowltonsay.Scientificresearchshowsclimateiscausinghighertemperaturesandhealthproblems.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat__________.

A.mostAmericanssufferedfromclimatechange.

B.thestatesburnedbywildfireshadmoreseriousproblems.

C.mostAmericanssufferedfromwildfiresmokein2011.

D.Everystatehadwildfiresmokeforatleastaweek.

2.Whichofthefollowingstateshadwildfireswithinitsborders?

A.TexasB.Kansas.C.OhioD.California.

3.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Climatechangecausesmorewildfires.

B.Morewildfirescauseclimatechange.

C.Wildfiresmokebecomesaserioushealthproblem.

D.Airpollutionbecomesaterribleproblem.

Passage5

 Theweatherisgettinghotter.Youarethirstyplayingbasketballorridinghomefromschool.Acolddrinkmaybejustthething.Butbecareful