定语从句解释和练习.docx
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定语从句解释和练习
AttributiveClauses定语从句
I.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词(antecedent)。
定语从句一般放在先行词之后。
II.e.g.ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforBeijing.
Thisistheteacherwhowillgiveusatalkonthenon-finiteverb.
III.定语从句分为限制性定语从句(RestrictiveAttributiveClauses)和非限制性定语从句(Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauses)两种。
e.g.Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.
(限制性定从,拿掉从句剩下部分意思就不清楚)
ThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu,whowashereamomentago.(非限制性定从,通常用
逗号隔开,对所修之词作进一步说明,拿掉从句其它部分仍可成立)
Thisisaplace(which)Ihavelongwantedtovisit.(限制性定从)
TheywillflytoHongkong,wheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays,andthengoontoTokyo.(非限制性定从)
Shealwaysgivesmeapples,whichisverykindofher.(非限制性定从)
HaveyoueverbeentoChina,whichhasalonghistoryof5000years?
(独一无二的专有名词,后面的定从一般只用非限制性)1.定语从句修饰"人"时,一般用关系代词who,that,whom和whose。
它们在从句中分别做主语、宾语和定语。
e.g.Anoldfriendofminewhoservesinthearmycametoseemeyesterday.(Subject)
Isshethegirlthatsellsflowers?
(Subject)
Thisistheman(that)Ireferredto.(Object)
Wecan'tsay:
ThisisthemantothatIreferred.
Butwecansay:
ThisisthemantowhomIreferred.
Whoisthestudent(whom/that)Mr.Lipraisedatthemeeting?
(Object)
IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.(Attribute.)
Shehaseightchildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup.(Prepositionalobject)
2.修饰"物"时,一般用关系代词that和which,它们在从句中可做主语和宾语。
e.g.Itisaquestionthatneedscarefulconsideration.(Subject)
Thebookwhich/thatisontheshelfisveryuseful.(Subject)
Therose(that/which)yougavemeisverybeautiful.(Object)
Youcantakeanybook(that)youlike.(Object)
Thetool(that)heisworkingwithiscalledawrench.(Object)
Wecan'tsay:
Thetoolwiththatheisworkingiscalledawrench.
Butwecansay:
Thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledawrench.
Itnowhas20,000hectaresofland,morethantwo-thirdsofwhichareundercultivation.
3.修饰表示"时间"的词时,用关系副词when,它在定语从句中作时间状语。
4.e.g.October1st,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.(when=onwhich)
Thisisthehourwhentheplaceisfullofchildren.
But:
MaythefourthisthedaywhichweChinesepeoplewillneverforget.
Comeanytimeyoulike.("when"canbeomittedinsomesentences)4.修饰表示"地点"的词时,用关系副词where,它在定语从句中作地点状语。
e.g.Iknowofaplacewherewecanswim.
ThisisthevillagewhereChairmanMaolived.(where=inwhich)
But:
Thisisthevillage(which)ChairmanMaovisited.
5.在reason后的定语从句可由关系副词why引起,它在从句中作原因状语。
e.g.Thatisthereason(why)Ilikeher.
Doyouknowthereason(why)healwaysfailsintheexams?
But:
Thereasonwhichhegivesfornotcomingisthathismotherwon’tlethim.
6.另外,as也可作关系代词,引起定语从句,常和such,same等连用。
e.g.Suchpeopleas(Peoplesuchas)youdescribearerarenowadays.
Theycommittedsuchfascistatrocitiesashadseldombeenknowninhistory.
Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.
HeisfromShantou,asIknowfromhisaccent.
Ihavethesametroubleasyou(have).
III.修饰物时,that和which的用法区别:
1.Wecanonlyuse"that"inthefollowingsituations:
1).Whentheantecedentsare"all,everything,nothing,something,anything,theone,little,few,much,etc."
e.g.AllthatwehavetodoforourstudentsistosuggesthowtheycanlearnEnglishbythecomparativemethod.
Isthereanythingthatbelongstoyou?
2).Whentheantecedentsaremodifiedbyordinalnumeralsorthesuperlativedegree:
e.g.ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwas"ATaleofTwoCities"byCharlesDickens.
ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.
2.Wecanonlyuse"which"inthefollowingsituations:
1).afterthepreposition:
e.g.Thisisthehouseaboutwhichwewrotetoyou.
2).inthenon-restrictiveattributiveclauses:
e.g."TheTempest",whichwaswrittenbyShakespeare,isreadallovertheworld.
定语从句练习ExercisesforAttributiveClauses
1.Pointouttheattributiveclausesandstatethefunctionoftherelative
pronounsandadverbs:
1).Bringmethemagazinewhichliesontheshelfinthedrawingroom.2).Imettheclevergirlwhomyouhaveoftenpraised.3).Itisthelargestpowerstationthathaseverbeenbuiltinthisprovince.4).ThetowntowardswhichwearemovingistheoneIusedtolivein.5).YesterdayIsawyourbrother,whotoldmethegoodnewsofyourmother'srecoveryfromherillness.6).EverythingthatwesawattheWestLakewascharmingandbeautiful.7).Wereachedalittlehut,wherewetookshelterfromtherain.8).NexttermIintendtotakeEnglishpoetry,whichisasubjectIhavelongwantedtostudy.9).DumaswasafamousFrenchnovelist,whoseworksiswidelyreadinChina.
10).Thedinnerpartywasheldinalargehallonthethirdfloor,whichwasalreadycrowdedwithpeoplewhenweentered.11).Ifeeljustthesameasyoudo.12).Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.13).I'vegottwobooksthatdealwithmusic,bothofwhichIlikeverymuch.14).Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.15).Doyouknowthereasonwhytheydidn'tcometoourparty?
1.Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences:
1).ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.2).ThisistheplacewhereDengXiaopingvisited.3).Thehousestoodattheplacewhichtheroadsmeet.
4).DidyouseetheyoungmanwhomwaschosentheLeaguesecretary?
5).Weshallvisittheuniversitywheremyfatherteachesthere.
6).Canyouthinkofanyonewho'shouseisonapileofrocks?
7).ThedaywhichIwastostartarrivedatlast.
8).Ihaveknownthereasonwhichsheissoworried.
9).Thisisthegirlwhopractiseplayingthepianoeveryday.
10).Shetoreupmyphoto,thatupsetme.
11).Hehasfoundthebookaboutthattheteachertoldhim.
12).Everythingwhichremainscanbedividedbetweenyou.
13).IsshethegirlwhohergrandfatherwasaRedArmyman?
14).Thegirlstudiesmusicplaystheviolinverywell.
15).Thehouseonwhereweliveisverylarge.
16).Doyouknowthedriverwhomcausedthetrafficaccidentwhereamanwaskilled?
17).Unclewantedtomeettheboy,thathadfoundhislostwallet.
18).Thisistheonehundredthletterwhichshehasreceivedfromthatboy.
2.Puttheparticipialphrasesintoattributiveclauses:
1).Whoisthegirlfacingus?
2).Peopleholdingsuchviewsoughttobecriticized.
3).Hereareafewpicturesshowingushowtooperatetheinstrument.
4).Thereisaspecialroomreservedfortheaged,formothersandchildren.5).Thereactor,builtontheworld'slatestdesigns,isthebiggestinAsia.6).Didyouseethemantalkingtothedean?
7).Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.8).Thosewerethechiefproblemsconfrontingus.9).Theexaminationnevertakenbeforewasveryimportanttous.10).HowIregretthedayshavingbeenwastedindoingtheuselesswork!
4.Choosethebestanswer:
1).Smallpox,___oncekilledthousandsofpeopleeveryyear,hasnowbeenwipedout.a.whichb.thatc.whatd.as2).MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,___isbecomingverypopularinChina.a.thatb.itc.whichd.what3).It'safamilyofthreechildren,___arestudyingmusic.a.allofwhomb.eitherofwhomc.someofwhod.anyofwhom4).IsJoanthewoman___Maryislearningtoplaythepiano?
a.fromwhob.withwhomc.ofwhomd.withher5).Theymustalsomakeuseofsuchformsofstruggle___permittedbylaw.a.whichisb.whoarec.thatisd.asare6).Thisistheplace___ComradeLeiFengoncelived.a.whereb.whichc.onwhichd.that7).Shehurriedbackhomeandtoldherfatherall___.a.whathappenedb.whichwashappened
c.thatwashappenedd.thathadhappened
8).I'veboughtthesamekindofelectricfan___youboughtlastweek.a.whichb.thatc.liked.as9).Isawtheman___yousaidwasaway.a.whob.whomc.whosed.as10).Itwasyesterday___wemetyourteacheratthepostoffice.a.whenb.thatc.whomd.which11).Westillremembertheday___wespentdoingtheexperiment.a.whenb.whichc.whatd.onwhich
12).Thehouse___LuXunoncevisitedisoverthere.
a.whereb.inwhichc.thatd.when
13).Thisisthesameperson___cameyesterday.
a.whob.whomc.thatd.as
14).Heisnotsuchafool___helooks.
a.whob.whomc.thatd.as
15).Agirl___Tomhadspokengotthejob.
a.whenb.thatc.aboutwhod.aboutwhom
16).TheCuriesfoundanoldbuilding___theyusedastheirlabandworkshops.
a.whenb.inwhichc.whered.which
17).Paulisoneoftheboys___praisedatthemeeting.
a.whowereb.whowasc.whomwasd.whowasbeen
18).Thereason___shewaslatewasthatshehadtakenawrongbus.
a.whyc.thatc.whend.where
19).Fromtimetotimewemustlookupwords___.
a.wedon'tknowtheirmeanings.b.whichwedon'tknowthemeanings.
c.whosemeaningswedon'tknow.d.meaningofwhichwedon'tknow.
20).Thebook___isnotinthelibrary.
a.thatIneeditb.Ineeditc.whatIneedd.Ineed
21).Idid___tohelpthepoor.
a.allwhatIcouldb.allwhichIcould
c.allIcouldd.allthethingswhatIcould
22).Isthisbook___youwant?
a.thatb.whichc.theoned.onethat
23).Thedictionary___isnotinthelibrary
a.whichyoureferred.b.tothatyoureferred.
c.youreferredtod.whichyoureferredit
24).Itwasintheroom___wehadourlessonslastnight.
a.whenb.thatc.whichd.inwhich
25).Thatwastheday___Annleftschool.
a.onwhichb.whichc.onthatd.that
5.Joineachpairofthesentencesintoanattributiveclause:
1).Whereisthebeautifulpicture?
Youboughtitlastweek.
2).Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermylittles