定语从句解释和练习.docx

1、定语从句解释和练习Attributive Clauses 定语从句 I.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。 II. e.g. The train which has just left is for Beijing. This is the teacher who will give us a talk on the non-finite verb. III.定语从句分为限制性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clauses)和非限制性定语从句(Non-Restricti

2、ve Attributive Clauses)两种。e.g. Those who want to go please put up your hands. (限制性定从，拿掉从句剩下部分意思就不清楚) This note was left by Xiao Wu, who was here a moment ago. (非限制性定从,通常用 逗号隔开,对所修之词作进一步说明,拿掉从句其它部分仍可成立) This is a place (which) I have long wanted to visit.（限制性定从） They will fly to Hongkong, where they

3、plan to stay for two or three days, and then go on to Tokyo. (非限制性定从) She always gives me apples, which is very kind of her. （非限制性定从）Have you ever been to China, which has a long history of 5000 years? （独一无二的专有名词，后面的定从一般只用非限制性） 1. 定语从句修饰人时, 一般用关系代词who, that, whom和whose。它们在从句中分别做主语、宾语和定语。 e.g. An old

4、 friend of mine who serves in the army came to see me yesterday. (Subject) Is she the girl that sells flowers? (Subject) This is the man (that) I referred to. (Object) We cant say:This is the man to that I referred. But we can say: This is the man to whom I referred .Who is the student (whom/that) M

5、r. Li praised at the meeting? (Object)I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner.(Attribute.) She has eight children, three of whom lived to grow up. (Prepositional object) 2. 修饰物时，一般用关系代词that 和which, 它们在从句中可做主语和宾语。 e.g. It is a question that needs careful consideration.(Subject) The book w

6、hich/that is on the shelf is very useful. (Subject) The rose (that/which) you gave me is very beautiful.(Object) You can take any book (that) you like. (Object) The tool (that) he is working with is called a wrench. (Object) We cant say: The tool with that he is working is called a wrench. But we ca

7、n say: The tool with which he is working is called a wrench. It now has 20,000 hectares of land, more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.3. 修饰表示时间的词时，用关系副词when, 它在定语从句中作时间状语。 4. e.g. October 1st,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. (when=on which) This is the

8、hour when the place is full of children.But: May the fourth is the day which we Chinese people will never forget. Come any time you like. (when can be omitted in some sentences) 4. 修饰表示地点的词时，用关系副词where, 它在定语从句中作地点状语。 e.g. I know of a place where we can swim. This is the village where Chairman Mao li

9、ved.(where=in which) But: This is the village (which) Chairman Mao visited.5. 在reason后的定语从句可由关系副词why引起, 它在从句中作原因状语。 e.g. That is the reason (why) I like her. Do you know the reason (why) he always fails in the exams? But: The reason which he gives for not coming is that his mother wont let him.6. 另外

10、, as也可作关系代词，引起定语从句, 常和such, same等连用。 e.g. Such people as (People such as ) you describe are rare nowadays. They committed such fascist atrocities as had seldom been known in history. He opposed the idea, as could be expected. He is from Shantou, as I know from his accent. I have the same trouble as

11、you (have). III. 修饰物时，that和which的用法区别: 1. We can only use that in the following situations: 1). When the antecedents are all, everything, nothing, something, anything, the one, little, few, much, etc. e.g. All that we have to do for our students is to suggest how they can learn English by the compar

12、ative method. Is there anything that belongs to you? 2). When the antecedents are modified by ordinal numerals or the superlative degree: e.g. The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.2. We can only use w

13、hich in the following situations: 1). after the preposition: e.g. This is the house about which we wrote to you. 2). in the non-restrictive attributive clauses: e.g. The Tempest, which was written by Shakespeare, is read all over the world. 定语从句练习Exercises for Attributive Clauses1.Point out the attr

14、ibutive clauses and state the function of the relative pronouns and adverbs: 1). Bring me the magazine which lies on the shelf in the drawing room. 2). I met the clever girl whom you have often praised. 3). It is the largest power station that has ever been built in this province. 4). The town towar

15、ds which we are moving is the one I used to live in. 5). Yesterday I saw your brother, who told me the good news of your mothers recovery from her illness. 6). Everything that we saw at the West Lake was charming and beautiful. 7). We reached a little hut, where we took shelter from the rain. 8). Ne

16、xt term I intend to take English poetry, which is a subject I have long wanted to study. 9). Dumas was a famous French novelist, whose works is widely read in China. 10).The dinner party was held in a large hall on the third floor, which was already crowded with people when we entered. 11).I feel ju

17、st the same as you do. 12).They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them. 13).Ive got two books that deal with music, both of which I like very much. 14).But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 15).Do you know the reason why they didnt come to our party? 1.

18、Correct the mistakes in the following sentences:1). The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written. 2). This is the place where Deng Xiaoping visited. 3). The house stood at the place which the roads meet.4). Did you see the young man whom was chosen the League secretary? 5). We shall

19、visit the university where my father teaches there. 6). Can you think of anyone whos house is on a pile of rocks? 7). The day which I was to start arrived at last. 8). I have known the reason which she is so worried. 9).This is the girl who practise playing the piano everyday. 10).She tore up my pho

20、to, that upset me. 11).He has found the book about that the teacher told him.12).Everything which remains can be divided between you.13).Is she the girl who her grandfather was a Red Army man? 14).The girl studies music plays the violin very well. 15).The house on where we live is very large.16).Do

21、you know the driver whom caused the traffic accident where a man was killed? 17).Uncle wanted to meet the boy, that had found his lost wallet. 18).This is the one hundredth letter which she has received from that boy. 2.Put the participial phrases into attributive clauses: 1). Who is the girl facing

22、 us? 2). People holding such views ought to be criticized.3). Here are a few pictures showing us how to operate the instrument. 4). There is a special room reserved for the aged, for mothers and children. 5). The reactor, built on the worlds latest designs, is the biggest in Asia. 6). Did you see th

23、e man talking to the dean? 7). We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 8). Those were the chief problems confronting us. 9). The examination never taken before was very important to us. 10).How I regret the days having been wasted in doing the useless work! 4. Choose the best answe

24、r: 1).Smallpox, _ once killed thousands of people every year, has now been wiped out. a. which b. that c. what d. as 2).More and more people are beginning to learn English, _ is becoming very popular in China. a. that b. it c. which d. what 3).Its a family of three children, _ are studying music. a.

25、 all of whom b. either of whom c. some of who d. any of whom 4).Is Joan the woman _ Mary is learning to play the piano? a. from who b. with whom c. of whom d. with her 5).They must also make use of such forms of struggle _ permitted by law. a. which is b. who are c. that is d. as are 6).This is the

26、place _ Comrade Lei Feng once lived. a. where b. which c. on which d. that 7).She hurried back home and told her father all _ . a. what happened b. which was happened c. that was happened d.that had happened 8).Ive bought the same kind of electric fan _ you bought last week. a. which b. that c. like

27、 d. as 9).I saw the man _ you said was away. a. who b. whom c. whose d. as 10).It was yesterday _ we met your teacher at the post office. a. when b. that c. whom d. which 11).We still remember the day _ we spent doing the experiment. a. when b. which c. what d. on which12).The house _ Lu Xun once vi

28、sited is over there.a. where b. in which c. that d. when13).This is the same person _ came yesterday.a. who b. whom c. that d. as14).He is not such a fool _ he looks.a. who b. whom c. that d. as15).A girl _Tom had spoken got the job.a. when b. that c. about who d. about whom16).The Curies found an o

29、ld building _ they used as their lab and workshops.a. when b. in which c. where d. which17).Paul is one of the boys _ praised at the meeting.a. who were b. who was c. whom was d. who was been18).The reason _ she was late was that she had taken a wrong bus.a. why c. that c. when d. where19).From time

30、 to time we must look up words _ .a. we dont know their meanings. b. which we dont know the meanings.c. whose meanings we dont know. d. meaning of which we dont know.20).The book _ is not in the library.a. that I need it b. I need it c. what I need d. I need21).I did _ to help the poor.a. all what I

31、 could b. all which I could c. all I could d. all the things what I could22).Is this book _ you want?a. that b. which c. the one d. one that23).The dictionary _ is not in the librarya. which you referred. b. to that you referred.c. you referred to d. which you referred it24).It was in the room _ we

32、had our lessons last night.a. when b. that c. which d. in which25).That was the day _ Ann left school.a. on which b. which c. on that d. that5. Join each pair of the sentences into an attributive clause: 1). Where is the beautiful picture? You bought it last week. 2). The nurse is very kind. She looks after my little s