汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文全a person who is injured in an automobile accident while in the.docx

汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文全a person who is injured in an automobile accident while in the.docx

《汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文全a person who is injured in an automobile accident while in the.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《汽车专业毕业设计 翻译 中英文全a person who is injured in an automobile accident while in the.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

汽车专业毕业设计翻译中英文全apersonwhoisinjuredinanautomobileaccidentwhileinthe

UNINSUREDMOTORISTCOVERAGE

THEIMPACTOFWORKERS’COMPENSATIONANDWORK-RELATEDINJURIES

ByTimothyW.Monsees

Apersonwhoisinjuredbyaco-employeeinanautomobileaccidentwhileinthecourseofhisorheremploymentmaybeentitledtorecoverunderbothapolicyprovidingforuninsuredmotorvehiclecoverage（UM）andundertheworkers’compensationlaw.Thissituationraisesseverallegalissues.First,inlightofcaselawimmunizingco-employeesfromlegalliabilityunderworkers’compensation,istheat-faultemployeeconsideredsomeonefromwhomtheinjuredpartyis“legallyentitledtorecover?

”Second,fromwhoseuninsuredmotoristpolicycananinjuredworkerrecover?

Finally,mayaninjuredemployeerecoverbothuninsuredmotorvehiclebenefitsandworkers’compensation?

TheWorkers’CompensationLaw,§287.010R.S.Mo.etseq.,providestheexclusiveremedyforemployeesagainstemployersforinjuriescoveredbyitsprovisions.However,thisimmunityextendstoemployeesoftheemployerinamorelimitedfashion.Whilesuitsagainstemployeespersonallyforbreachofthedutytomaintainasafeworkingenvironmentarepreemptedbytheworkers’compensationlaws,anemployeemaysueafellowemployeeforaffirmativenegligentactsoutsidethescopeofanemployer’sresponsibilitytoprovideasafeworkplace.Gunnettv.GirardierBldg.AndRealtyCo.70S.W.3d632（Mo.App.E.D.,2002）.Thisraisesthequestion,whatisan“affirmativenegligentact”?

InStateexrel.Taylorv.Wallace,73S.W.3d620,623（Mo.2002）theCourtstatedthat,“thequestionofwhatconstitutesan“affirmativenegligentact”hasnotprovensusceptibleofreliabledefinition,andMissouricourtshaveessentiallyappliedtheruleonacasebycasebasiswithclosereferencetothefactsineachindividualcase.”Id.Withoutan“affirmativenegligentact”aco-employeetortfeasorcannotbeheldliable,sotheonlywayforaninjuredemployeetocollectforthenegligenceofanautomobiletortfeasormaybetocollectfromanuninsuredmotoristpolicy.

Conventionalwisdomhasheldthat,duetothehigherstandardofcarerequiredofoperatorsofmotorvehicles,afellowemployeedriverwassimilarlyheldtoahigherstandardofcarethanthegeneralobligationofemployerstoprovideasafeworkplace.Operatorsofmotorvehiclesareheldtothe“highestdegreeofcare.”Hansenv.James,847S.W.2d476（Mo.App.1992）;MAI11.01[1996Revision].Insurershavesuccessfullyargued,however,thatnodistinctionshouldbemadebetweentortsarisingoutofaccidentsinvolvingautomobilesandthosethatdonot.

InStateexrel.Taylorv.Wallace,supra,boththeinjuredemployeeandthedefendantwereworkingforthesametrashcompany.Theplaintiffwasholdingontothesideofatrashtruckandwassweptfromthesideofthetruckasitstruckamailbox.Plaintiffallegedthatthedefendant:

1）failedtokeepacarefullookout;2）carelesslyandnegligentlystruckamailboxwhiledriving;and3）carelesslyandnegligentlydrovetooclosetoafixedobject.Althoughplaintiffarguedthattheoperatorofthetruckfailedtoexercisethehighestdegreeofcare,thecourtconcludedtheallegationswerenogreaterinkindordegreethanthegeneralobligationofanoperatorofamotorvehicleonapublicroad.Accordingly,thedriver’sneglectdidnotconstitutethekindofaffirmativenegligentactnecessarytodefeattheimmunityofworkers’compensation.Ofnote,althoughthecourtcitesthreecaseexamplestosupportitsconclusion,noneinvolveautomobilecollisionsorastandardofcaregreaterthanordinarynegligence.Id.at622,n.7.

Theissuethatmanycourtsdonotagreeuponiswhetherthisimmunitydefeatstheburdenofaninjuredclaimanttodemonstratethatthetortfeasorissomeonefromwhomtheclaimantislegallyentitledtorecover,inaccordancewiththetenetsofuninsuredmotoristlawsandpolicies.SinceseveralMissouricaseshaveheldthatanexclusioninapolicyofautomobileliabilityinsuranceforclaimsbroughtbyinjuredfellowemployeesisnotvoidasagainstpublicpolicy,irrespectiveoftheMotorVehicleFinancialResponsibilityLaw（MVFRL）,aclaimforuninsuredmotoristbenefitsmaybetheonlysourceofrecovery,asidefromworkers’compensation.§303.010R.S.Mo.See,e.g.,Bakerv.DePew,860S.W.2d318（Mo.1993）.

Mostcourtsthathaveconsideredthequestionhaveheldthat“legallyentitledtorecover”importsaconditionprecedenttotheuninsuredmotoristinsurer’sobligationtopay.Forexample,inFoxv.CommercialUnionInsuranceCo.,413So.2d679（La.App.3rdCir.1982）,thecourtheldthat,sinceworker’scompensationistheexclusiveremedyforaninjuredemployeeagainstaco-employee,theinjuredemployeedidnothavealegallyenforceablerighttorecoverdamagesfromtheco-emp