自主学习6答案.docx

自主学习6答案.docx

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自主学习6答案

自主学习6

PartIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasewritethecorrespondingletterforeachitemintheblank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyou'velivedforlonginNewYorkCity,chancesareyou'velivedinseveraldifferentplaces.Onthemapofwherewelivenowisalsowhereweusedtolive,justacrossthepark,afewsubwaystops1）___northorsouth.Thatisoneofthecharacteristicsofthiscity---weare2）___neartoourpast.SomepeoplemovefromOhiotoOregon.Wemovefrom93rdto13th,fromAlphabetCitytoCarrollGardens,allovertown.

Andwhat 3）__ oftheoldneighborhood?

Inone4）___,nothing.Youwereonlyaminormoleculeinitschemistry.Gobackaweekafteryou've5）___,andthesamedogsarepullingtheirownerstothepark,thesamepeoplesittingout.Letenoughtimepass,andthingsbecomealittleghostly.Itbeginstofeelasthoughthe6）__hasforgottenyou,insteadoftheotherwayaround.Whenyoulivedthere,nothingchangedwithoutyournoticingit.Nowthechangesaccumulateunperceived（未被察觉的）,andyoubegintorealizethatapartofyouhas7）____intothepast.

NewYorkisa 8）__ andpubliccity.Youcanwalkpasttheshopsandadmirethebrownstones.Youcanhearaboutthedinerthatusedtobeonthatcornerandwhathappenedthatonenight.Tryasyoumighttobeatouristinsomeoneelse'spast,youendupseeingonlythepresent.That'showthenewneighborhoodlooksatfirst---theoneyou'vejustmovedto.You9）___intothepresent,anditagesaroundyouuntilonedayyou10）___upwithanewoldneighborhood.

A）aspect

F）geographically

K）neighborhood

B）becomes

G）grand

L）physically

C）end

H）left

M）sense

D）familiar

I）live

N）settle

E）farther

J）moved

O）vanished

1---5EFBMJ6---10KOGNC

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbywritingthecorrespondingletterintheblank.

WhyTeenagersReallyDoNeedanExtraHourinBed?

A）"Makingteensstartschoolinthemorningis'cruel',"braindoctorclaims.SodeclaredaBritishnewspaperheadlinein2007afteratalkIgaveatanacademicconference.Onedisbelievingreaderresponded:

"Thismansoundsbrain-dead."

B）ThatwasatypicalreactiontoworkIwasreportingatthetimeonteenagesleeppatternsandtheireffectonperformanceatschool.Sixyearsonthereisgrowingacceptancethatthestructureoftheacademicdayneedstotakeaccountofadolescentsleeppatterns.ThelatestschooltoadoptalaterstarttimeistheUCLAcademyinLondon;othersareconsideringfollowingsuit.

C）Sowhatarethefactsaboutteenagesleep,andhowshouldsocietyadjusttotheseneeds?

Thebiologyofhumansleeptiming,likethatofothermammals,changesasweage.Thishasbeenshowninmanystudies.Asadolescencebegins,bedtimesandwakingtimesgetlater.Thistrendcontinuesuntil19.5yearsinwomenand21inmen.Thenitreverses.At55wewakeataboutthetimewewokepriortoadolescence.Onaveragethisistwohoursearlierthanadolescents.Thismeansthatforateenager,a7a.m.alarmcallistheequivalentofa5a.m.startforapersonintheir50s.

D）Preciselywhythisissoisunclearbuttheshiftsrelatedwithchangesinhormones（荷尔蒙）atadolescenceandthedeclineinthosehormonesasweage.However,biologyisonlypartoftheproblem.Additionalfactorsincludeamorerelaxedattitudetobedtimesbyparents,ageneraldisregardfortheimportanceofsleep,andaccesstoTVs,DVDs,PCs,gamingdevices,cellphonesandsoon,allofwhichpromotealertnessandeatintotimeavailableforsleep.

E）Theamountofsleepteenagersgetvariesbetweencountries,geographicregionandsocialclass,butallstudiesshowtheyaregoingtobedlaterandnotgettingasmuchsleepastheyneedbecauseofearlyschoolstarts.

F）MaryCarskadonatBrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland,whoisapioneerintheareaofadolescentsleep,hasshownthatteenagersneedabout9hoursanighttomaintainfullalertnessandacademicperformance.MyownrecentobservationsataUKschoolinLiverpoolsuggestedmanyweregettingjust5hoursonaschoolnight.Unsurprisingly,teachersreportedstudentsdozinginclass.

G）Evidencethatsleepisimportantisoverwhelming.Elegantresearchhasdemonstrateditscriticalroleinmemoryimprovementandourabilitytogeneratewisesolutionstocomplexproblems.Sleepdisruptionmayincreasethelevelofthestress.Excitedbehaviors,lackofempathy,senseofhumorandmoodaresimilarlyaffected.Allinall,atiredadolescentisamoody,insensitive,angryandstressedone.Perhapslessobviously,sleeplossisassociatedwithmetabolic（新陈代谢的）changes.Long-termlackofsleepmightbeanimportantfactorfornegativeconditionssuchasdiabetes（糖尿病）,overweightandhighbloodpressure.

H）Adolescentsareincreasinglyusingstimulantstocompensateforsleeploss,andcaffeinated（含咖啡咽的）and/orsugarydrinksaretheusualchoice.Soacaffeinateddrinklateinthedaydelayssleepatnight.Tirednessalsoincreasesthelikelihoodoftakingupsmoking.

I）IntheUS,theobservationthatteenagershavebiologicallydelayedsleeppatternscomparedtoadultspromptedseveralschoolstoputbackthestartoftheschoolday.AnanalysisoftheimpactbyKylaWahlstromattheUniversityofMinnesotafoundthatacademicperformancewasenhanced,aswasattendance.Sleepinginclassdeclined,asdidself-reporteddepression.IntheUK,MonkseatonHighSchoolnearNewcastleinstituteda10amstartin2009andsawaprogressinacademicperformance.

J）However,alaterstartbyitselfisnotenough.Societyingeneral,andteenagersinparticular,muststarttotakesleepseriously.Sleepisnotaluxurybutafundamentalbiologicalneed,enhancingcreativity,productivity,moodandtheabilitytointeractwithothers.

K）Ifyouaredependentuponanalarmclock,orparent,togetyououtofbed;ifyoutakealongtimetowakeup;ifyoufeelsleepyandimpatientduringtheday;ffyourbehaviorisoverlyimpulsive,itmeansyouareprobablynotgettingenoughsleep.Takecontrol.Ensurethebedroomisaplacethatpromotessleep-darkandnottoowarm-don'ttext,useacomputerorwatchTVforatleasthalfanhourbeforetryingtosleepavoidbrightlights.Trynottonapduringtheday,andseekoutnaturallightinthemorningtoadjustthebodyclockandsleeppatternstoanearliertime.Avoidcaffeinateddrinksafterlunch.

L）ItismystronglyheldView,basedupontheevidence,thattheeffortsofdedicated（专注的，投入的）teachersandthemoneyspentonschoolfacilitieswillhaveagreaterimpactandeducationwillbemorerewardingwhen,collectively,teenagers,parents,teachersandschoolgovernorsstarttotakesleepseriously.Intheuniversallanguageofschoolreports:

wemustdobetter.

11.IntheUSandUK,severalschoolsthathavedelayedthestartoftheschooldaywitnessedaprogressinacademicperformance.

12.Napisnotfavoredasitmayprohibitteensfromadjustingthebodyclocktoanearliertime.

13.Thehormonesinhumanbodydecreasestepbystepaspeoplegetolder.

14.Theauthorhasfoundinhisrecentobservationsthatteensneedtosleepforlongerhoursonaschoolnight.

15.Educationcanbemorerewardingwhenthestudents'sleepistakenseriously.

16.Atiring"adolescentusuallytakescaffeinateddrinksasacompensationforsleeploss.

17.Geographicregiontogetherwithsocialclassandnationalitymayleadtosleepdifferencesamongteenagers.

18.Thegeneralpublicdidn'tbelievefireteens'sleeppatternsillustratedbyabraindoctor.

19.Sleeplossnotonlywilldoharmtoteenagers'mentalandemotionalstatebutalsopotentiallythreatentheirphysicalfitness.

20.Thesleepingpatternsofhumanandthoseofothermammalsvarywithage.

11---15IKDFL16---20HEAGC

SectionC

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）,D）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterintheblank.

PassageOne

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Withtheunemploymentratetopping8%andthegovernment$16trillionindebt,it'seasytoquestionwhytaxpayersarespending$2.5billiononanSUV-sizedMarsrover（探测车）namedCuriosity,whichlandedsuccessfullyontheredplanetintheearlyhoursofMonday.Couldn'tthismoneygotowardsomethingclosertohome,suchasprovidingshelterforthehomelessorbuildingroads?

Yes,itcould.Butthiskindofthinkingisshortsighted.

TheMarsprojectisthelatestmanifestationofAmerica'srestlessdesiretoanswerpreviouslyunanswerablequestionsandtakeonnewchallenges.ToparaphrasePresidentJohnF.Kennedy,Americadoesthingslikethisnotbecausetheyareeasy,butbecausetheyarehard.

GettingtheprobedownsafelyonMars,aftera350millionmilejourney,wascertainlynoeasyfeat.Virtuallyallthetechnologyusedintheapproachandlandingwasnew,orusedinnewways.Oncesettledin,Curiosityshouldbeaparticularlyawe-inspirin