必修1 Unit4Unit5必修2 Unit 5定语从句.docx

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必修1 Unit4Unit5必修2 Unit 5定语从句.docx

必修1Unit4Unit5必修2Unit5定语从句

英语必修1Unit4&Unit5必修2Unit1&Unit5

语法知识——定语从句

一.几个基本概念

1.定语从句的定义:

用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词:

被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.定语从句的位置:

紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。

4.引导词:

引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。

﹙1﹚关系代词:

that/who/whom/which/as

﹙2﹚关系副词:

when/where/why

5.引导词的位置:

位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。

6.引导词的功能(作用):

﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。

﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。

7.定语从句的类型:

﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句

eg.Themanwhoyou’retalkingtoismyfriend.

②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。

eg.Themantowhomyou’retalkingismyfriend.

﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句。

②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。

③由代词/名词+of+whom/which(先行词指人用whom,指物用which)引导..

﹙3﹚分隔性定语从句:

(定语从句与先行词被其它成分隔开,限定性与非限定性定语从句都含有此句型)。

eg.DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouse

andborrowedanecklaceofyours?

二.限定性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。

1.who/that指人是主格,在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的主语,不能省略。

eg.Doyouknowthegentlemanwho/thatissittingthere?

2.whom/who/that指人是宾格,在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。

①当作动宾时,关系代词可省略。

eg.Doyouknowthegentleman(whom/who/that)wemetjustnow?

②当作介宾时:

介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;

介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。

eg.Theman(whom/who/that)Ispokewithismyteacher.

ThemanwithwhomIspokeismyteacher.

※注:

固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如lookfor,takecareof等不能把动词与介词拆开,既介词不能提至引导词前。

eg.Sheistherightgirl(who/whom/that)wearelookingfor.﹙√﹚

Sheistherightgirlforwhomwearelooking.﹙×﹚

3.whose:

指人或物,是所有格“…的”形式。

Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)。

Whose+n.

即先行词的什么东西怎样了,whose不能省略。

eg.Ididn’tfindthedeskwhoselegwasbroken.(主语)

HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.(动宾)

ThebossinwhosecompanyIworkisverykind.(介宾)

4.which/that指物,指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语(动宾或介宾)。

①当作动宾时,关系代词可省略。

②当作介宾时:

介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。

eg.Thehousewhich/thatwasdestroyedintheearthquakeisweak.

Thepen(which/that)youfoundyesterdayismine.

Thegames(that/which)theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.

Thegamesinwhichtheyoungmencompetedweredifficult.

※注:

介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom,指物用which)。

5.as指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语,宾语,表语或状语,不能省略。

主要用于“thesame…as…;such…as…;so…as…;as…as…;asfollows”固定结构中,形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。

※注:

也可引导非限定性定语从句。

eg.SuchpeopleasknewHillthoughthewashonest.

SuchpeopleasHillknewthoughthewashonest.

6.when关系副词:

指时间。

在定语从句中作时间状语,不能省略。

此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表时间的名词)。

eg.IstillrememberthetimewhenIjoinedtheLeague.

=IstillrememberthetimeonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.

7.where关系副词:

指地点。

在定语从句中作地点状语,不能省略。

此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表地点的名词)。

eg.IstillremembertheschoolwhereIjoinedtheLeague.

=IstillremembertheschoolinwhichIjoinedtheLeague.

※注:

对关系副词when,where的认识。

①.先行词是时间的名词,并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。

eg.I’llneverforgetthetime(which/that)IspentinBeijing.

②.先行词是地点的名词,并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。

eg.Thisisthefactory(which/that)hevisitedyesterday.

8.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,先行词通常为reason,不能省略。

且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。

eg.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateyesterday.

Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathemissedthebus.

三.非限定性定语从句:

除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外,其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句一样。

但要注意以下区别。

1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。

2.非限定性定语从句的作用:

它只是补充说明先行词的情况,翻译时可译成两个句子。

eg.Theengineer,whoselegwasbadlyhurt,wasquicklysenttohospital.

(那位工程师被很快送往医院,其腿部受了重伤)

Theengineerwhoselegwasbadlyhurtwasquicklysenttohospital.

(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)

3.在非限定性定语从句中,任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。

指人做主语时只能用who,做宾语时用whom;

4.whose引导非限定性定语从句:

eg.Thehouse,whosewindowfacessouth,ismine.

=Thehouse,thewindowofwhichfacessouth,ismine.

=Thehouse,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth,ismine. 

四.值得注意的几个问题:

第一.当先行词是物时,关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。

1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

eg.Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.

Thisisthefirstbook(that)Iborrowfromthelibrary.

※Heisthefirststudentthat/whocametoschooltoday.

2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。

eg.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandtheschool(that)hehadvisited.

3.当先行词本身是all的,用that.(allthat=what)

eg.Allthat(what)Iwanttosaytoyouis“Thankyou”.

=All(what)Iwanttosaytoyouis“Thankyou”.

Gooverallthat(what)welearned.

=Gooverall(what)welearned.(that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)

4.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything,thing时,用that.

eg.I’lltellyouanything(that)Iknow.

5.当先行词前有all,much,little,many,(a)few,every,some,any,no,only,very,oneof,theonly等修饰语时。

eg.Thisisoneofthebooks(that)I’mveryinterestingin.

※ThisisoneofthebooksinwhichI’mveryinteresting.

Thisistheonlybook(that)Iread.

Heistheonlyoneoftheboysthatlikesplayingthepiano.

Alltheglassesthatwereonthetablefelloffontothefloor.

6.(人,物),当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时,用that引导以避免混淆.

eg.Whoisthemanthatistalkingwiththelady?

Whichofyouthatknowtheanswercancometothefront?

7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时,用that.Helikesthegirlthatsheusedtobe.

第二.当先行词是物时,关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。

1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时. Theroominwhichhelivesisverylarge.

2.引导非限定性定语从句时(主,宾都用which, 都不能省略).

 Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.

Thehouse,whichIvisitedyesterday,isverylarge.

3.which指整个句子的内容或部分内容,引导非限定性定语从句.

Healwaysmakesfunofme,whichupsetsme.

第三. 特殊情况.

1.先行词是these,those指人时,关系代词只用who.Thosewhoareplayingovertherearemystudents.

2.先行词是人称代词(he,she…)时,关系代词只用who.

eg.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.

3.不定代词someone,anyone,everyone,noone,somebody,anybody,everybody作先行词时,关系代词用who.

eg.Anybodywhobreakstheruleswouldbepunished.

4.①先行词是theonlyoneof+可数名词复数,在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语用单数形式(因为此时的先行词是theonlyone,而不是of后的可数名词复数).

Heistheonlyoneoftheboysthatlikesplayingthepiano.

Thisistheonlyoneofthebooksthatisborrowed.

②先行词是oneof+可数名词复数,在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语用复数形式(因为此时的先行词是of后的可数名词复数,而不是one).

eg.Thisisoneofthestudentswhoarelate.

5.当主句缺先行词时,用theone代替,但须注意:

theone只能代替可数名词单数.如为不可数名词时,指什么用什么.

eg.IsthisschooltheoneIvisitedyesterday?

Ispopmusicthemusichelikesbest?

6.当先行词是theway,在定语从句中充当方式状语时(theway表"以…方式/方法"),引导词通常用that或省略,也可用inwhich.

eg.Idon’tliketheway(that)youspeak.

=Idon’tlikethewayinwhichyouspeak.

=Idon’tliketheway(which/that)youspeakin.

练习

1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.

 A.that      B.who       C.whom         D.this

2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.

 A.whom   B.which     C.who        D./

3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.

 A.that      B.whose     C.which        D.as

4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?

 A.theone      B.which     C.who        D.whom

5.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?

 A.theone       B.that        C.which          D./

6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.

 A.which         B.that        C./           D.it

7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.

 A.which     B.inwhich      C.that       D.all

8._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.

 A.That   B.Who      C.Theonewho    D.Thestudentswho

9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.

 A.which       B.whom       C.whose         D.this

10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.

 A.who        B.whom          C.which        D./

11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.

 A.was        B.were     C.is          D.are

12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.

 A.whom      B.who    C./       D.he

13.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.

 A.wholivenextdoor            B.whichlivesnextdoor

 C.whomlivesnextdoor          D.thatlivesnextdoor

14.Those_____madenomistakespleaseraiseyourhands.

 A.which     B.whom      C.that      D.who

15.Don’tgoin,thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeen_____.

 A./,to     B.that,/      C.where,to    D.which,there

16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.

 A.what      B.which       C.as      D./

17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.

 A.inthat     B.when     C.where      D.there

18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?

 A.where      B.inthat      C.that        D.which

19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.

 A.when     B.where        C.that     D.which

20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?

 A.that         B.when        C.what    D.onthat

21.Thetime_____westudiedtogetherisnoteasilyforgotten.

A.when     B.that       C.where     D.inwhich

22.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.

 A.when        B.that       C.where       D.inwhich

23.October1,1949wastheday_____thePRCwasfounded.

 A.which      B.when      C.where    D.inwhich

24.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?

 A.which      B.where    C.inwhich     D.what

25.Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?

 A.that      B.which      C.where       D.theone

26.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.

 A.what    B.which     C.that         D.where

27.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.     

A.until         B.that          C.when       D.where

28.Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.

 A.he    B.this    C.which    D.who

29.Ishouldneverforgetthosey

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