高考英语短文理解学案15.docx
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高考英语短文理解学案15
2019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（15）
阅读理解由于题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等特点，往往是考试中的难题。
那么，如何做好阅读理解呢﹖如何在平时的训练中做到心里有数，稳扎稳打的作练习；有目的、有方向的训练自己的不足之处。
阅读的提高是一个中长期的训练过程，如何在第一步就领先一步呢？
如何做好自己的计划和安排呢？
是否真的有一些实用的技巧和方法呢？
让我们来看看，到底要怎样做！
第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影响正常的答题。
对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。
第二、忌不带问题阅读。
要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。
第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。
第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。
文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。
第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。
第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。
所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。
第七，忌忽略时间。
做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。
文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。
因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。
即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。
第八，良好的阅读习惯。
这个要靠平时的培养。
克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。
正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。
阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Becarefulaboutthosewhousethetruthtodeceive.Whensomeonetellsyousomethingthatistrue,butleavesoutimportantinformationthatshouldbeincluded,hecancreateafalseimpression.
Forexample,someonemightsay,"Ijustwonahundreddollarsonthelottery（彩票）.Itwasgreat.Itookthatdollarticketbacktothestoreandturneditinforonehundreddollars!
"
Thisguy'sawinner,right?
Maybe,maybenot.Wethendiscoverthatheboughttwohundredtickets,andonlyonewasawinner.He'sreallyabigloser!
Hedidn'tsayanythingthatwasfalse,butheleftoutimportantinformationonpurpose.That'scalledahalf-truth.Half-truthsarenottechnicallylies,buttheyarejustasdishonest.
Untrustworthycandidates（竞选者）inpoliticalcampaignsoftenusethistactic（策略）.Let'ssaythatduringGovernorSmith'slastterm,herstatelostonemillionjobsandgainedthreemillionjobs.Thensheseeksanotherterm.Oneofheropponents（对手）runsanadsaying,"DuringGovernorSmith'sterm,thestatelostonemillionjobs!
"That'strue.Howeveranhoneststatementwouldhavebeen,"DuringGovernorSmith'sterm,thestatehadanetgainoftwomillionjobs."
Advertiserswillsometimesusehalf-truths.It'sagainstthelawtomakefalseclaimssotheytrytomisleadyouwiththetruth.Anadmightsay,"NineoutoftendoctorsrecommendYuckyPillstocurenosepimples."ItfailstomentionthattheyonlyaskedtendoctorsandnineofthemworkfortheYuckyCorporation.
Thiskindofdeceptionhappenstoooften.It'sasadfactoflife:
Liesarelies,andsometimesthetruthcanlieaswell.
56.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothearticle?
A.Thereisno100-percenttruth.B.Atruthisasdishonestasalie.
C.Liesarelies,andtruthsarelies,too.D.Thetruthcanbeusedindishonestways.
57.Theunderlinedworddeceiveiscloseinmeaningto_____________.
A.pretendB.hideC.foolD.sell
58.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe_____________.
A.ASpecialLieB.HowtoDiscoveraLie
C.Half-truthsD.WhiteLies
B
Theteachersbelowarelookingforaholildaytosuittheirstudents.Readthedescriptionsofthestudentsandthoseoftheholidays,andthenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.
MsRobson'sstudentsarestudyingFrenchandGerman.Shewouldliketospeakbothlanguagesatsomepointwhilethey'reaway.
Hilary'sstudentsarefourteenyearsold.SomeofthemlearnFrench,soshewantstofindaholidaycoursewhichcanofferindividual（个别的）langaugelessonsforthosewhowouldliketoimprovetheirFrench.
Rosiehasasmallgroupofstudents.Theyallwanttosailbutunfortunatelysomeofthemareunabletoswim,althoughthey'reeagertolearn.
MrPearson'sclasshasjuststartedtolearnGermanbuthewantsaholidaywhichmixesstudyingthelanguagewithplentyoffreetimetoexploretheforeigncountry.
Johnhasaclassofeleven-year-oldswhoarecrazyaboutsport.He'dlikeacoursewhichorganizesacompleteprogrammeincludingallkindsofsports,mealsandentertainments.
1.2
SummerSchoolsintheCzechRepublic
Spendaweekinasportscentre15minutessouthofPrague.Eachday’sprogrammeisorganizedbyourprofessionaltrainersforchildrenaged10—14.Pricesincludebreakfast,lunchanddinneraswellassightseeingtrips.
SummerInAustria
Wewillarrangeaprogrammetosuityourstudents.AllourcoursestakeplaceattheuniversityinLinz.MorningclassesareheldinGerman,eveninglecturesonAustrianhistoryareinEnglish.Weofferanexcitingprogrammeofeveningactivitiesincludingmusic,danceandtheatre.
3.4.
GreekSailingHolidays
ArrivebyairandthenhireoneofournewboatswithallthelatestequipmenttosailaroundtheGreekislands.Theseboatssleepuptotwentystudentsandtwoteachers.Trainedsailingstaffareavailablebutyoumustbeabletoswim.
SummerCoursesinFinland
Ifyoulovewatersportsyou’llloveourone-weeksportsholidayontheFinnishlakes.Thereareopportunitiestoswim,sailandwater-ski.Lessonsareavailableifyouneedthem.ThereisalsoachancetolearnFinnishatnoextracost!
Everyonewelcome.
5.6.
TouringInFrance
FlytoParisandspendafewdayssightseeinginthiswonderfulcitybeforetravellingontoToulouse.AllourtourshaveaFrench-speakingguideandaccommodationisincomfortablehotels.Pricesincludebreakfastandeveningmealonly.
HolidayProgrammesinGermany
WeoffermorningclassesintheGermanlanguageatalllevelsfrombeginnersupwards.Intheafternoonyouarefreetojoinourmountainwalksortogoshoppinginthenearbytown.Intheeveningweorganizeafullprogrammeofentertainments.Allageswelcome.
7.8
SwissStudyTours
Usingtheexcellentrailwaysystemweoffanunusualholiday,sportandstudyprogramme.Yourhotelisatrain:
eatandsleeponboardandspendeachdayinadifferentpartofSwitzerland.
OpportunitiestospeakFrench,GermanandItalian.
SummerSchoolInFrance
Weoffersummerschoolsforstudentsbetweentheagesof12and16.LivewithaFrenchfamilyandchoosefromarangeofdifferentactivitiesincludinghorse-riding,indoorhocker,football,swimminganddryskiing.Privatelanguagelessonsarrangedifrequested.
59.WhichholidayisthemostsuitableforMr.Robson'sstudents?
A.2B.6C.7D.8
60.Johnismostlikelytochoose_______forhisclass.
A.4B.3C.5D.1
61.HolidayNo.5issuitablefor____________.
A.HilaryB.Mr.RobsonC.RosieD.none
62.Rosiewillmostprobablychoose____forherstudents.
A.3B.4C.8D.7
C
Someinventionsaresouseful,butseemsosimple,thatwewonderwhynoonethoughtofthemlongago.Post-itNotes-thepiecesofpaperthatyoucanfastenalmostanywhereandthenremovewithoutleavinganysignthattheywerethere-areanexampleofsuchaninvention.
Post-itNoteswereinventedabouttwentyyearsagobyArtFry,ascientistat3MCorporation.Theideafortheproductcamefromafrustrating（令人沮丧的）experienceheoftenhadwhilesinginginhischurchchoir（唱诗班）.Fryusedpiecesofpaperasbookmarkstomarktheplacesinhisbookofsongs,butthesebookmarkswerealwaysfallingout.Heknewheneededabookmarkthatwouldstaywhereheputit,butthathecouldremovewithoutdamagingthepages.
Aroundthattime,Fryheardaboutanewadhesive（粘合剂）thatacolleague（同事）,Dr.SpenceSilver,hadcreated.Thisadhesivewasspecialbecauseitwassticky,butnottoosticky.Itwasstrongenoughtoholdpaperstogether,butweakenoughtonottearthepaperwhenitwasremoved.Frysawthatthenewadhesivecouldhelpsolvehisbookmarkproblem.Onemorning,Fryputsomeoftheadhesiveontheedgeofapieceofpaper.Justashehoped,itmadeaperfectbookmark..
Ashorttimelater,Fryrealizedthathisnewinventionhadevenmoreusesthanbeingagreatbookmark.Hecametothisrealizationwhenhewroteanoteononeofhisnew"bookmarks"andattached（附着）ittoareporthewasgoingtogivetoacolleague.Soon,co-workerswereaskingFryformoresamplesofhisinventionsothattheycouldusethenewtypeofnotesthemselves.
Fryandsomeotherpeopleat3Mbelievedsomuchinthenewproductthattheypersuadedthecompanytogiveawaythousandsofthe"stickypiecesofpaper"fortrialuse.Whensomesalespeopleat3Mwenttoofficesandshowedworkersjusthowhelpfulthenewtypeofnotescouldbe,theyimmediatelyreceivedmanyorders.AsmoreandmorepeoplediscoveredhowusefulPost-itNotescouldbe,theproducttookoff.
63.TheinventionofPost-itNotesshowedthatArtFry.
A.hadalotofknowledgeB.wasveryhard-working
C.wasgoodatcreativethinkingD.lovedhisjobinthechurch
64.InwhatwaydidDr.SpencehelpArtFry?
A.Theyworkedtogetherandoftendiscussedscience.
B.HisinventionofaspecialadhesivemadeArt'sinventionpossible.
C.Hepersuaded3MCorporationtogiveawaylotsofPost-itNotesfortialuse.
D.HecooperatedwithArtbyprovidingthenewadhesiveforArt.
65.WhichofthefollowingisapossibleuseofPost-itNotes?
A.Anoteonafriend'sdoor.B.Ane-mailtoafriend.
C.Apostcardfromabroad.D.Anadinanewspaper.
66.Theunderlinedphrase"tookoff"means.
A.startedtoleavethegroundB.disappearedfromthemarket
C.hadevenmoreusesD.becamepopularveryquickly
D
Readthesetwoadvertisements,andthenanswerthequestions.
Whenyoustretchoutinthesunyoucandooneofthreethings.
Youcanusenosuntanoil.Youcanuseanordinarysuntanoil.OryoucanuseBergasol.
Ifyoudon’tuseany
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