高考英语短文理解学案15.docx

1、高考英语短文理解学案152019-2020年高考英语短文理解学案（15）阅读理解由于题材非常广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等；体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等特点，往往是考试中的难题。那么，如何做好阅读理解呢如何在平时的训练中做到心里有数，稳扎稳打的作练习；有目的、有方向的训练自己的不足之处。阅读的提高是一个中长期的训练过程，如何在第一步就领先一步呢？如何做好自己的计划和安排呢？是否真的有一些实用的技巧和方法呢？让我们来看看，到底要怎样做！第一、是要排除心理障碍，不要因为自身词汇量小，阅读文章中有较多的“拦路虎”，而对之望而生畏，造成紧张心理，导致越读越慌，越慌越难的窘境，从而影

2、响正常的答题。对于阅读文章中的生词问题，我在后面会详细谈一下。第二、忌不带问题阅读。要先看题干，弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样就能把握方向，同时也可边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，提高阅读效率及答题的正确性。第三、是要切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。第四、是要善于抓关键句和主题句。文章的第一句或最后一句往往是文章或段落的关键句或主题句，对文章的理解起着重要的作用；同时要学会正确猜测词义，有机地联系上下文，读了上文，猜测下文，不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，以致于理解错误。

3、第五，充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确地捕捉关键事实和细节，进而归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。第六，完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。第七，忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生

4、新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。第八，良好的阅读习惯。这个要靠平时的培养。克服阅读时不必要的附带动作，如头部转动、用手指或铅笔逐个点词等等；避免朗读，人看的速度要比读快2倍，朗读必然影响阅读速度；不要逐词逐词地看，这样既影响速度又影响理解。正确的方法是头部不动，用眼睛去扫描，这样既能提高速度又能整句理解。阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。 A Be careful about those who use the truth to dec

5、eive. When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can create a false impression. For example, someone might say, I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned

6、it in for one hundred dollars! This guys a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought two hundred tickets, and only one was a winner. Hes really a big loser! He didnt say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. Thats called a half-truth. Half-

7、truths are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest. Untrustworthy candidates (竞选者) in political campaigns often use this tactic (策略). Lets say that during Governor Smiths last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her op

8、ponents (对手) runs an ad saying, During Governor Smiths term, the state lost one million jobs! Thats true. However an honest statement would have been, During Governor Smiths term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs. Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. Its against the law to make fa

9、lse claims so they try to mislead you with the truth. An ad might say, Nine out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples. It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation. This kind of deception happens too often. Its a sad fact of

10、 life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well. 56. Which statement is true according to the article? A. There is no 100-percent truth. B. A truth is as dishonest as a lie. C. Lies are lies, and truths are lies, too. D. The truth can be used in dishonest ways. 57. The underlined word

11、deceive is close in meaning to _. A. pretend B. hide C. fool D. sell 58. The best title for this passage should be _. A. A Special Lie B. How to Discover a Lie C. Half-truths D. White Lies B The teachers below are looking for a holilday to suit their students. Read the descriptions of the students a

12、nd those of the holidays, and then choose the best answer to each question. Ms Robsons students are studying French and German. She would like to speak both languages at some point while theyre away. Hilarys students are fourteen years old. Some of them learn French, so she wants to find a holiday c

13、ourse which can offer individual (个别的) langauge lessons for those who would like to improve their French. Rosie has a small group of students. They all want to sail but unfortunately some of them are unable to swim, although theyre eager to learn. Mr Pearsons class has just started to learn German b

14、ut he wants a holiday which mixes studying the language with plenty of free time to explore the foreign country. John has a class of eleven-year-olds who are crazy about sport. Hed like a course which organizes a complete programme including all kinds of sports, meals and entertainments. 1. 2 Summer

15、 Schools in the Czech RepublicSpend a week in a sports centre 15 minutes south of Prague. Each days programme is organized by our professional trainers for children aged 1014. Prices include breakfast, lunch and dinner as well as sightseeing trips.Summer In AustriaWe will arrange a programme to suit

16、 your students. All our courses take place at the university in Linz. Morning classes are held in German, evening lectures on Austrian history are in English. We offer an exciting programme of evening activities including music, dance and theatre.3. 4. Greek Sailing HolidaysArrive by air and then hi

17、re one of our new boats with all the latest equipment to sail around the Greek islands. These boats sleep up to twenty students and two teachers. Trained sailing staff are available but you must be able to swim.Summer Courses in FinlandIf you love water sports youll love our one-week sports holiday

18、on the Finnish lakes. There are opportunities to swim, sail and water-ski. Lessons are available if you need them. There is also a chance to learn Finnish at no extra cost! Everyone welcome.5. 6. Touring In FranceFly to Paris and spend a few days sightseeing in this wonderful city before travelling

19、on to Toulouse. All our tours have a French-speaking guide and accommodation is in comfortable hotels. Prices include breakfast and evening meal only.Holiday Programmes in GermanyWe offer morning classes in the German language at all levels from beginners upwards. In the afternoon you are free to jo

20、in our mountain walks or to go shopping in the nearby town. In the evening we organize a full programme of entertainments. All ages welcome.7. 8 Swiss Study ToursUsing the excellent railway system we off an unusual holiday, sport and study programme. Your hotel is a train: eat and sleep on board and

21、 spend each day in a different part of Switzerland. Opportunities to speak French, German and Italian.Summer School In FranceWe offer summer schools for students between the ages of 12 and 16. Live with a French family and choose from a range of different activities including horse-riding, indoor ho

22、cker, football, swimming and dry skiing. Private language lessons arranged if requested. 59. Which holiday is the most suitable for Mr. Robsons students? A. 2 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 60. John is most likely to choose _ for his class. A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D.1 61. Holiday No.5 is suitable for _. A. Hilary B. Mr. Rob

23、son C. Rosie D. none 62. Rosie will most probably choose _ for her students. A. 3 B. 4 C. 8 D. 7 C Some inventions are so useful, but seem so simple, that we wonder why no one thought of them long ago. Post-it Notes - the pieces of paper that you can fasten almost anywhere and then remove without le

24、aving any sign that they were there - are an example of such an invention. Post-it Notes were invented about twenty years ago by Art Fry, a scientist at 3M Corporation. The idea for the product came from a frustrating (令人沮丧的) experience he often had while singing in his church choir（唱诗班）. Fry used p

25、ieces of paper as bookmarks to mark the places in his book of songs, but these bookmarks were always falling out. He knew he needed a bookmark that would stay where he put it, but that he could remove without damaging the pages. Around that time, Fry heard about a new adhesive (粘合剂) that a colleague

26、 (同事), Dr. Spence Silver, had created. This adhesive was special because it was sticky, but not too sticky. It was strong enough to hold papers together, but weak enough to not tear the paper when it was removed. Fry saw that the new adhesive could help solve his bookmark problem. One morning, Fry p

27、ut some of the adhesive on the edge of a piece of paper. Just as he hoped, it made a perfect bookmark. A short time later, Fry realized that his new invention had even more uses than being a great bookmark. He came to this realization when he wrote a note on one of his new bookmarks and attached (附着

28、) it to a report he was going to give to a colleague. Soon, co-workers were asking Fry for more samples of his invention so that they could use the new type of notes themselves. Fry and some other people at 3M believed so much in the new product that they persuaded the company to give away thousands

29、 of the sticky pieces of paper for trial use. When some salespeople at 3M went to offices and showed workers just how helpful the new type of notes could be, they immediately received many orders. As more and more people discovered how useful Post-it Notes could be, the product took off. 63. The inv

30、ention of Post-it Notes showed that Art Fry . A. had a lot of knowledge B. was very hard-working C. was good at creative thinking D. loved his job in the church 64. In what way did Dr. Spence help Art Fry? A. They worked together and often discussed science. B. His invention of a special adhesive ma

31、de Arts invention possible. C. He persuaded 3M Corporation to give away lots of Post-it Notes for tial use. D. He cooperated with Art by providing the new adhesive for Art. 65. Which of the following is a possible use of Post-it Notes? A. A note on a friends door. B.An e-mail to a friend. C. A postc

32、ard from abroad. D. An ad in a newspaper. 66. The underlined phrase took off means . A. started to leave the ground B. disappeared from the market C. had even more uses D. became popular very quickly D Read these two advertisements, and then answer the questions. When you stretch out in the sun you can do one of three things. You can use no sun tan oil. You can use an ordinary sun tan oil. Or you can use Bergasol. If you dont use any