学年河南省洛阳市高二下学期期中英语试题解析版.docx
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学年河南省洛阳市高二下学期期中英语试题解析版
2017-2018学年河南省洛阳市高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Technologyisthecollectionoftechniques，skills，methods，andprocessesusedintheproductionofgoodsorservicesorintheaccomplishmentofobjectives，suchasscientificresearch．Technologycanbetheknowledgeoftechniques，processes，andthelike．
Thesimplestformoftechnologyisthedevelopmentanduseofbasictools．TheprehistoricdiscoveryofhowtocontrolfireandthelaterNeolithicRevolutionincreasedtheavailablesourcesoffood，andtheinventionofthewheelhelpedhumanstotravelinandcontroltheirenvironment．Developmentsinhistorictimes，includingtheprintingpress，thetelephone，andtheInternet，havelessenedphysicalbarrierstocommunicationandallowedhumanstointeractfreelyonaglobalscale．
Dictionariesandscholarshaveofferedavarietyofdefinitions．TheMerriam-WebsterLearner'sDictionaryoffersadefinitionoftheterm：
"theuseofscienceinindustry，engineering，etc．，toinventusefulthingsortosolveproblems"and"amachine，pieceofequipment，method，etc．，thatiscreatedbytechnology．"UrsulaFranklin，inher1989"RealWorldofTechnology"lecture，gaveanotherdefinitionoftheconcept；itis"practice，thewaywedothingsaroundhere．"Thetermisoftenusedtoimplyaspecificfieldoftechnology，ortorefertohightechnologyorjustconsumerelectronics，ratherthantechnologyasawhole．
Technologycanbemostbroadlydefinedasthethings，bothmaterialandimmaterial，createdbytheapplicationofmentalandphysicaleffortinordertoachievesomevalue．Inthisusage，technologyreferstotoolsandmachinesthatmaybeusedtosolvereal-worldproblems．Itisafar-reachingtermthatmayincludesimpletools，suchasacrowbarorwoodenspoon，ormorecomplexmachines，suchasaspacestationorparticleaccelerator．
Theword"technology"canalsobeusedtorefertoacollectionoftechniques．Inthiscontext，itisthecurrentstateofhumanity'sknowledgeofhowtocombineresourcestoproducedesiredproducts，tosolveproblems，ful6l1needs，orsatisfywants；itincludestechnicalmethods，skills，processes，techniques，toolsandrawmaterials．Whencombinedwithanotherterm，suchas"medicaltechnology"or"spacetechnology，"itreferstothestateoftherespectivefield'sknowledgeandtools．
1.What'stheeasiestformoftechnology？
______
A.Thetechniquesusedintheproductionofgoods．
B.Theuseofscienceinindustryandengineering．
C.Thedevelopmentanduseofbasictools．
D.Theknowledgeofhowtocombineresources．
2.What'sthedefinitionofUrsulaFranklinabouttechnology？
______
A.Itisinventingusefulthingsorsolveproblems．
B.Itispractice，thewaywedothingsaroundhere．
C.Itisamachine，createdbytechnology．
D.Itistoolsandmachines，usedtosolvereal-worldproblems．
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inparagraph4referto？
______
A.Simpletoolssuchasacrowbarorwoodenspoon．
B.Morecomplexmachinessuchasaspacestation．
C.Theapplicationofmentalandphysicaleffort．
D.Thetechnologyusedtosolvereal-worldproblems．
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext？
______
A.Theusagesoftechnology．
B.Thedefinitionsoftechnology．
C.Theapplicationsoftechnology．
D.Thecontentsoftechnology．
【答案】
【小题1】C
【小题2】B
【小题3】D
【小题4】B
【解析】1--4CBDB
1．C．细节理解题．根据第二段The simplest form of technology is the development and use of basic tools可知，最简单的科技形式就是基础工具的发展和应用．故选C．
2．B．细节理解题．根据第三段Ursula Franklin， in her 1989 "Real World of Technology" lecture， gave another definition of the concept； it is "practice， the way we do things around here可知，乌苏拉•富兰克林，在她1989年"现实世界的技术"讲座，给了另一个定义--实践，我们在这里做事情的方式．故选B．
3．D．词义猜测题．根据第四段In this usage， technology refers to tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems． It is a far-reaching term 可知，此处的it指代前文提到的内容，即我们用来解决真实世界问题的科技．故选D．
4．B．主旨大意题．根据全文可知，本文主要从字典、人们的使用等方面介绍technology的定义．故选B．
本文为科教类阅读，文章主要从字典、人们的使用等方面介绍technology的定义，包括广义定义和狭义定义．
考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
B
Augustor"Auggie"Pullman，aten-year-oldboylivinginNewYorkCity，wasbornwithafacialdeformity（畸形）thathasmadeitdifficultforhimtomakefriends．Heliveswithhisparents，hisoldersisterVia，andhisdogDaisy．Hehasbeenhomeschooledupuntilthefifthgrade，buthisparentshavedecidedthatitistimeforhimtogotoarealschool．TheyenrollhiminBeecherPrep，aneighborhoodprivateschool，andtakehimtomeettheprincipal，Mr．Tushman．WhileAugustisthere，someofthekidswhowillbeinAugust'sgradetakehimonatouroftheschool；oneofthem，JackWill，isnice，butanother，Julian，isnoticeablyrude．Jackisnicetohim，andAugustbelieveshehasfoundafriend．
Augustsettlesintothefirstfewmonthsofschoolandhisclassmatesslowlygetused：
tothewayhisfacelooks．Heisfriendlytoothersandperformswellinclass．HebecomesfriendswithJack，andwithagirlnamedSummerwhositswithhimatlunchonthefirstday．However，thingsgetworseonHalloween，typicallyAugust'sfavoritedayoftheyear，whenAugustoverhearsJacksaytoJulianandsomeotherboysthathewouldkillhimselfifhelookedlikeAugust．HealsosaysheisonlynicetoAugustbecauseMr．Tushmanaskedhimtobe．JackiscompletelyunawarethatAugusthimselfissittingnearby，dressedinaBleedingScreamcostume．AugustgetshurtdeeplyandstopstalkingtoJack．WhenJackfindsthetruth，hefeelsguiltyaboutbeingmean．HereallydoeswanttobefriendswithAugust．Oneday，JackhitsJulianforsayingmeanthingsaboutAugust．Afterthat，JackandAugustbecomefriendsandstarteatinglunchtogetherwithSummer，
Atawildernesscamp，AugustisattackedbyagroupofseventhgradersinordertoprotectJack．Henry，AmosandMiles，Julian'sbestfriends，helpAugustandJackescape．PublicopinionswingsinfavorofAugustandJack．Intheend，AugustwinstheHenryWardBeechermedal，aspecialawardforcourageandkindness．Augustisamazedthathesurvivedfifthgrade．Hisfriendsandfamilymakehimfeellikearegularkid．Thenovelendswithhismotherwhisperinginhiscar，callinghima"wonder"．
5.WhatmakesAugustdifferentfromotherchildren？
______
A.Hisunfriendlyclassmates．B.Hisunusualparents．
C.Hisbadtemper．D.Hisabnormalappearance．
6.WhydoesJackfeelguiltywhenAuguststopstalkingtohim？
______
A.HesayssomethingmeantoAugust．
B.HefollowsMr．Tushman'srequirement．
C.HehitsAugustwithoutreason．
D.Juliandoesn'tlikeAugustatall．
7.What'stheendingofthestory？
______
A.Augustisreallyafailureatschool．
B.Augustwinsamedalforhiscourageandkindness．
C.Augustdropsoutofschoolintheend．
D.Augustisnotsurprisedthathesurvivedfifthgrade．
8.Whattypeofwritingisthetext？
______
A.Abookreview．B.Anewsreport．
C.A6lmreview．D.Anadvertisement．
【答案】
【小题1】D
【小题2】A
【小题3】B
【小题4】A
【解析】1．D．细节理解题．根据文章第一段的句子"August or "Auggie" Pullman， a ten-year-old boy living in New York City， was born with a facial deformity （畸形） that has made it difficult for him to make friends．"可知，使August和其他孩子不同的是他的相貌．故选D．
2．A．细节理解题．根据文章第二段的句子"when August overhears Jack say to Julian and some other boys that he would kill himself if he looked like August． He also says he is only nice to August because Mr． Tushman asked him to be…When Jack finds the truth， he feels guilty about being mean．"可知，当August不和杰克说话的时候，杰克感到内疚，因为杰克对August说了刻薄的话．故选A．
3．B．细节理解题．根据文章第三段的句子"August wins the Henry Ward Beecher medal， a special award for courage and kindness．"可知，August最后因为勇气和善良获得一枚奖牌．故选B．
4．A．文章体裁题．根据文章最后一句话"The novel ends with his mother whispering in his car， calling him a "wonder"．"可知文章是一篇书评．故选A．
本文是一篇书评，文章主要介绍了一本小说，讲述一位名叫August的男孩，这个男孩天生畸形，父母将他送到学校和普通孩子一起上学，他在学校遭遇到伤害，但是最终他因为勇气和善良获了奖．
此题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
C
Forsomeonewhoissuchanextraordinarilysuccessfulinvestor，WarrenBuffettisrecognizedasaprettyordinaryguy．BorninOmaha，Nebraska，formorethan40yearsBuffetthaslivedinthesamegrayhouseonFarnamStreetthatheboughtfor﹩31，500．Hewearsshabbysuits，driveshisowncar，drinksCherryCoke，andismorelikelytobefoundinaDairyQueenthana．four-starrestaurant．
Lookingbackonhischildhood，onecanseetheknowledgeablebusinessman．Evenasayoungchild，Buffettwasprettyseriousaboutmakingmoney．Heusedtogodoor-to-doorandsellsodapop．Heandafriendusedmathtodevelopasystemforpickingwinnersinhorseracing．Later，healsoworkedathisgrandfather'sgrocerystore．Attheageof11，Buffettboughthisfirststock（股票）．Whenhewas14，Buffettspent﹩1，200on40acresoffarmlandinNebraskaandsoonbegancollectingrentfromalocalfarmer，Buffettwasn'tkeenongoingtocollegebutendedupatWhartonattheUniversityofPennsylvania-hisfatherencouragedhimtogo．
Buffett'sinvestmentstrategymirrorshislifestyleandoverallphilosophy．Hedoesn'tcollecthousesorcarsorworksofart，andhelooksdownoncompaniesthatwastemoneyonsouselessthings，suchasprivatediningrooms，andhigh-pricedracingcars．Heisacreatureofhabit-samehouse，sameoffice，samecity，samesoda-anddislikeschange．Inhisinvestments，thatmeansholdingonto"coreholdings"suchasAmericanExpress，Coca-Cola，andTheWashingtonPostCo．forever．
9.WhatcanweknowaboutWarrenBuffetfromthispassage？
______
A.Heisasuccessfulinvestorandlooksordinary．
B.Heleadsanordinarylifeanddriveshisownexpensiveracingcar．
C.HespentallhislifeinthesamegrayhouseonFarnamStreet．
D.He
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