高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破一细节理解事实细节题优选习题1216360.docx
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高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破一细节理解事实细节题优选习题1216360
第二节分类突破
一、细节理解——事实细节题
(2018·6月天津,A)
FirePreventionInformation
TheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems,firealarms,andfireextinguishers(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.
FireAlarms
Thefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的)firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.
FireDrills
Afiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowing:
·TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.
·Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit;donotusealift.
·Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.
FireExtinguishers
Fireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.
SmokeDetectors
Asmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector:
·Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(闪动),contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.
·Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.
·Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要向大学生们介绍了火灾预防的相关情况:
火警、消防演练、灭火器以及烟雾探测器等。
36.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?
A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.
B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.
C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.
D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据FirePreventionInformation下的第二句“Theyinspect...andtestandmaintainallsprinkler...”可知,火灾预防专家们的主要职责是检测和维护火灾预防设备。
故选C。
37.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?
A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.
B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.
C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.
D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpullstations.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
由题干中的automaticfirealarmsystems可定位到FireAlarms下的“automaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers”。
故选B。
38.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould.
A.rushquicklytoalift
B.gatheratthenearestexit
C.shutthedoorandleaveatonce
D.waitforinstructionsinthehall
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据FireDrills下的第一条以及第二条可知,选项C符合题意。
39.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?
A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.
B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.
C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.
D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据FireExtinguishers下的最后一句“Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.(错误使用灭火器会导致罚款)”可知A项正确。
40.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould.
A.contactthehallstaffregularly
B.coverthethingsthatburneasily
C.startthesmokedetectorinafire
D.makecertaintheredlightisworking
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
由SmokeDetectors下的第一条中的第一句“Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.”可知,选项D与之对应,故答案为D。
一、题型解读
事实细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中,涉及的话题有:
广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。
设问方式是以5W1H(what,who,when,where,why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
二、解题技巧——题干定位,寻找信息
题干定位法是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法。
事实细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解,可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可以确定最佳答案。
“题干定位法”分为三步:
第一步:
先通过题干信息来选择定位词。
定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等,即问题的核心信息。
例如上面【真题感悟】中的第37题,题干中的定位词为theautomaticfirealarmsystems。
第二步:
在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词,找出相关的句子。
例如上面【真题感悟】中的第37题由定位词theautomaticfirealarmsystems我们可以迅速浏览到FireAlarms这一段中。
第三步:
分析这些句子和选项,得出正确答案。
例如上面【真题感悟】中的第37题,分析句子和选项可知B项正确。
(2018·红桥区二模)
4-DayClassicBeijingTour
The4-dayclassicBeijingtourisdesignedfortouristswhocometovisitChinaforthefirsttime.ItcoversthemostpopularandtypicalplacesinBeijing,fullydisplayingthescenery,culture,history,locallifestylesandfeatures,foodanddrinks,business,etc.foryou.
Day1:
ArrivalinBeijing
YourguidemeetsyouatCapitalAirport,andhelpsyoucheckinatyourhotel.
EnjoyBeijingDuckaswelcomedinner.
Accommodation:
Beijingdowntown
Day2:
TheGreatWall&theSummerPalace
StartyourdayatthemostfamouspartoftheGreatWall,theBadalingGreatWall.LeavethedowntownfortheGreatWallat8am.SinceitisalongdrivetotheGreatWall(about2hours’riding),haveabreakattheJadeMuseumontheway.Lunchwillbeenjoyedinalocalrestaurant.IntheearlyafternooncomebacktothecityandhaveasightseeingtouroftheSummerPalace.
RecommendedActivity:
BeijingOperaShow(LiyuanTheatre,19∶30-21∶10everyevening)
Accommodation:
Beijingdowntown
Day3:
Beijingcitysightseeing&Localexperience
Yourguidemeetsyouatthehotelat8amandsetsoutfortheday’stouring:
Tian’anmenSquareandtheForbiddenCity.
Aftervisitingthetwosites,haveabreakandgetreadyforlunch.
Hutongvisit:
seesometraditionalartsoftheoldBeijing,suchaspapercuttingandkitemaking,andvisitalocalfamily.
Accommodation:
Beijingdowntown
Day4:
BeijingOlympicsites
VisittheOlympicsites:
Bird’sNest,WaterCubeandOlympicPark,witnessingthefastdevelopingmodernChina.Enjoysomefreetimeaftervisitingthesites.
Afterlunch,itisshoppingtimeandthenthetourisover.
1.Thisadvertisementisaimedat.
A.foreignerswhoarenewtoChina
B.expertswhostudyhistoryandcities
C.kidswhowereborninothercities
D.peoplewhoareinterestedintouring
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段第一句“The4-dayclassicBeijingtourisdesignedfortouristswhocometovisitChinaforthefirsttime.”可知,这四天的旅行是针对初次来中国的外国人的。
故选A。
2.IfatouristwantstoenjoyBeijingOpera,heshould.
A.visittheSummerPalaceonthefirstday
B.gosightseeinginBeijingHutong
C.liveandeatdowntowninBeijing
D.gotoLiyuanTheatreintheevening
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据Day2中的“RecommendedActivity:
BeijingOperaShow(LiyuanTheatre,19∶30-21∶10everyevening).”可知,如果想看京剧应该是在晚上去梨园剧院。
3.Onwhichdaycantouristsenjoythecity’straditionalartsandlocallifestyle?
A.Day4.B.Day3.
C.Day2.D.Day1.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据Day3中提到“Hutongvisit:
seesometraditionalartsoftheoldBeijing,suchaspapercuttingandkitemaking,andvisitalocalfamily.”可知,在第三天游客能感受传统文化和当地的生活方式。
4.WhatdoesthistourcompanythinkcanshowBeijingisafastdevelopingmoderncity?
A.BeijingCapitalAirport.
B.Bird’sNest,WaterCubeandOlympicPark.
C.Tian’anmenSquareandtheForbiddenCity.
D.TheGreatWall&theSummerPalace.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据Day4中的“VisittheOlympicsites:
Bird’sNest,WaterCubeandOlympicPark,witnessingthefastdevelopingmodernChina.”可知,这家旅游公司认为,北京的鸟巢,水立方和奥林匹克公园显示了北京是一个发展迅速的现代化城市。
5.Tomaketheadvertisementwork,whatshouldbeadded?
A.Agerequirement.
B.Thehotel’saddress.
C.Contactinformation.
D.Theguide’sname.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
通读全文可知,这个广告没有联系方式,因此应该增加这方面的信息。
故选C。
B
(2018·和平区一模)
Iamreadinganovelatthemoment,astorysetinBritainandIndiainthe19thcentury.ItwaswrittenbyanIndianauthorwhonowlivesinDenmark,butneitherinthelanguageofHindinorDanish.AlthoughthepaperbackeditionI’mholdingwaspublishedinNewDelhi,India,fouryearsago,I(anAmerican)purchaseditrecentlyfromasecond-handbookshopinTokyo,Japan.
That’squiteahistoryalready.Butthere’smore.
Thenovelisataleofvariousmysteries,allexpertlyputintoawell-structuredstorybyaveryskillfulauthor.Yetmyparticularcopypresentsevenmoremysteriesthanthetale.
Onesummermorningintheyearofmypaperback’spublication—onJuly15,2012—someoneelsewasreadingitwhileeatingbreakfastinarestaurantinMumbai,India.
IknowthisbecauseIfoundareceiptofcoffeeandbreadinside.Ialsoknowthatthispersonwasnottheownerofthepaperbackimmediatelybeforeme.
Infact,theownerbeforemewasnotIndianatall,butJapanese.
IknowthisbecauseinthebooktherearehandwrittennotesinJapanese—translationsofEnglishwordswithwhichthereaderwasunfamiliar.
Japanesebeingalanguageofcharacters,notletters,itisnoteasytodetermineifthenotewriterwasamanorawoman.Butthecaretakentowritethetranslationsneatlyinthelimitedspacesavailableoneachpageindicatesawoman’shand.
Soletusagreethatitisawoman.Whatcanwesayofher?
Welleducated,clearly,andprobablyauniversitystudent,whowouldkeepadictionaryathandwhilereadinganovel.
Butwhydidshesuddenlystopreading?
ThelasttranslationinmypaperbackappearsonPage83,lessthanathirdofthewaythroughthenovel.Didshegiveupbecausethebookwasprovedtoodifficult?
Orwastheresomeotherreason?
Manyanovelpresentsmysteries,allofwhicharesolvedbytheendofthetale.Themysteriespresentedbymylittlepaperback,however,remainmysteries,allexpertlyputintoawell-structuredstory,notbyaskillfulwriter,butthistimebythenumberlessvagaries(变幻莫测)oflifeitself.
6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenovel?
A.Itisaboutaworldtrip.
B.Itiswellwritten.
C.ItwaswritteninanAmericanrestaurant.
D.Itwasfirstpublishedinthe19thcentury.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段第一句“Thenovelisataleofvariousmysteries,allexpertlyputintoawell-structuredstorybyav