宾语补足语讲解.docx
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宾语补足语讲解
宾语补足语讲解
黄洋小学校詹大春
1.英语的五个基本句型结构:
S十V主谓结构Herunsquickly.他跑得快。
S十V十P主系表结构Thestorysoundsinteresting.这个故事听起来有趣。
S十V十O主谓宾结构Theybuiltahouselastyear.他们去年建了一所房子。
S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome.他把座位让给我。
S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构
Theyfoundherhappythatday.他们发现那天她很高兴。
Ifoundhimout.我发现他出去了。
TheynamedtheboyCharlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
Isawhimcomeinandgoout.我见他进来又出去。
Theyfeltthecarmovingfast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim.他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
说明:
S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
定义:
宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后,对宾语进行补充说明。
二、句子结构是:
主+谓+宾+宾补
不同形式的宾语补足语
名词make,name,call,think,consider,choose,wish,find,elect
Wemadehimourmonitor.
Shefoundhimaverycleverboy.
TheycallherXiaoZhang.
Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher.
形容词believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,like,wish,see,consider,prove,have,leave,paint,drive,turn,cut
Youshouldkeepyourclassroomclean.
Ifoundthemovieveryinteresting.
Thenoisedrivesmemad.Ifoundthedogdead.
动词不定式(部分动词后的to需省略)
advise,allow,ask,cause,expect,force,get,help,invite,order,remind,request,require,teach,tell,train,want,warn,wish,see,hear,feel,watch,notice,smell,taste,observe,have,make,let,allow,beg,drive,encourage,forbid,permit,persuade
Theyaskedmetogetthereontime.
Nobodyheardhimcryforhelp.
Ioftenseetheboysplaybasketballafterschool.
现在分词keep,mind,prevent,remember,stop,start,smell,excuse,send,see,hear,watch,noticesmell,taste,feel,observe,have,get,set,leave
Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?
Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.
Theheavyrainpreventeduscominghereontime.
Canyousmellsomethingburning?
过去分词make,get,have,keep,leave
Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt.
Imustgetmybikerepaired.
Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood.
副词let,follow,order
Ifollowedhimin.
Sheorderedthemaway.
Heopenedthewindowtoletthefreshairin.
Isawhimoutwithhisfatherthedaybeforeyesterday
介词短语keep,find,leave
Tohersurprise,shefoundherselfinadifferentworld.
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.
Ileftmypenonmydeskathome.
三、三种结构:
1.主表型:
1)makeourcountrybeautiful(adjective)2)callhimLaoLi(noun)
3)findsb.out(adv.) 4)findsb.athome(Prep.phrase)
2.主谓型:
1)asksb.todosth.(有to不定式)2)makesb.dosth.(无to不定式)
3)seesb.doingsth.(现在分词)
3.动宾型:
1)have/make/getsth.done.(过去分词)
四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语:
1.在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
这类动词有:
consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等。
这类动词后的不定式通常是"tobe+形容词或名词"结构,think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。
Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。
Heprovedthattheory(tobe)veryimportant. 他证明那个理论是很重要的。
2.在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。
这类动词有:
love,like,prefer,hate,want,wish,expect等。
I'dpreferyoutoleavehimalone.我希望你不要打扰他。
Idon'twanttheretobeanytrouble.我不想有任何麻烦。
3.注意:
hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
Ihopeyoucangivemeahand. 我希望你能帮我一把。
Iwishyoutogivemeahand. 我希望你能帮我一把。
Herequiredustobepresentatthemeeting. 他要求我们出席会议。
五、可作宾语补足语的形式有:
不定式,现在分词,过去分词,名词,形容,副词,介词短语都能作补语。
六、具体说明:
(一)副词作宾语补足语Ifoundhiminyesterday.
(二)常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:
keep,make,find等。
如:
Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.
(三)常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:
call,name,make,think等。
如:
Wecallthemmooncakes.
(四)常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:
see,watch,hear,find,keep等。
如:
Inthecountry,wecanhearbirdssinging.
(五)常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:
keep,find,leave等。
如:
Ileftmypenonmydeskathome.
(六)不定式作宾语补足语
1.常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
ask,tell,want,teach,wish等;
2.接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:
see,watch,hear,make,letadvise,allow,ask,beg,command,tell,invite,force,oblige,get,help,encourage,persuade,permit,remind,request,order,warn,cause等。
如:
Ioftenseehimplayfootball.
Sheoftenasksmetohelpher.
Wedon'tallowsuchthingstohappenagain.
Mostoftheparentsagreetoforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.
3.用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明:
①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。
如:
Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework.
②在使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式不带to。
有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to,这些动词有:
一感二听三让四观看。
一感:
feel二听:
hear,listento 三让:
let,have,make四观看:
observe,see,watch,lookat
这类动词有:
make,let,have等。
转为被动语态时,其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。
Whatwouldyouhavemedo?
你要我做什么?
Shemadehimgiveupsmoking. 她让他戒了烟。
Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo. 他想干什么就让他干吧。
Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹,但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了
3.掌握“使役动词have+宾语+过去分词”的几种含义
在“have+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词作宾语补足语,have也可用get。
这一结构具有以下几种含义:
①意为“主语请别人做某事”。
例如:
Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.他明天想去检查眼睛。
(“检查”的动作由医生来进行)
②意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。
例如:
Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.当心,否则会弄伤手的。
③意为“使完成某事”,事情既可以是别人做完,也可以由主语参与完成。
例如:
Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.他今早把墙漆了。
(主语自己可能参与)
④动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。
I'mwaitingforJamestoarrive. 我正等着詹姆斯的到来。
He'sarrangedforacartopickthemupatthestation. 他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
(七)分词作宾语补足语
用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
1.跟分词作宾补的动词有:
catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。
例如:
Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.
由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.
他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。
2.几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明:
①表示“意欲;命令”的动词如like,want,wish,order等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如:
Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
②感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如:
Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacarjustnow.刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
③使役动词have,get,make,leave,keep等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如:
Haveyougotyourfilmsdeveloped?
你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有?
宾语补足语练习题
1.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit_____.
A.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended
2.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry
3.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.
A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing
4.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.
A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open
5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___.
A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donotto
6.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.
A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon
7.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settled B.settling C.tosettle D.beingsettled
8.Iadvised___atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart
9.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.
A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating
10.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.
A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout
11.Hemanagedtomakehimselfwithhis____English.
A.understand;breakingB.understand;broken
B.C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken
12.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.
A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposing
13.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman____anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.install B.toinstall C.tobeinstalled D.installed
14.Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute______.
A.beingsettled B.tobesettledC.hadsettled D.assettled
15.Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.
A.tobeadvertised B.advertised C.advertise D.advertising
16.Hisremarksleftme_____abouthisrealpurpose.
A.wondered B.wonder C.towonder D.wondering
17.WhenIcaughthim______meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheat D.tobecheating
18.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry
19.Theteacherencouragedus______goodcompositions.
A.WritingB.writtenC.towriteD.iswriting
20.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___________.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto
21.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.
A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired
22.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
23.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenonanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted
24.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.
A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking
25.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown
26.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.
A.understand;understandB.understand,understood
Ctounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood
27.Hefoundthem____atatable_____.
A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychess
C.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess
28.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.
A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockedD.toleave;unlocking
29.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.
A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled
30.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.
A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blown
31.