主语和主语补足语.docx
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主语和主语补足语
主语和主语补足语
I.充当主语的成分
1.名词：
Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhouse.
2.代词:
Welikeourschoolverymuch.
3.数词:
Twoplustwoisfour.
4.名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语:
Themotherwithherchildiscomingtotheschool.
5.动名词:
Seeingisbelieving.
6.动词不定式:
Itwouldbeexcitingtowatchthebaseballgames.
7.名词化的过去分词
Thedisabledaretoreceivemoremoneyandsocialcares.
8.从句
Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.
Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.
Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.
Ⅱ.带有逻辑主语的主语
Thechildren’swantingthatsurprisedme.
Thechildrenwantingthatsurprisedme.
Threesuchrascalshangedinonedayisgoodworkforsociety.
FormetobackoutnowwouldbetoacknowledgethatIamafraid.
Itisnecessaryforhimtoreturnthebookimmediately.
Ⅲ.状语形式作主语
Betweensixandsevenwillsuitme.
Justoverthebridgeiswhereyou’llfindit.
Nowwillbethetime.
Outsideisveryquiet.
BecauseSallywantstoleavedoesn’tmeanthatwehaveto.
Ⅳ.主语+be+补语
补语=表语
补语表示确认意义（可以互换）
Deborahismybestfriend.
MybestfriendisDeborah.
WhatIneedisagoodcomputer.
AgoodcomputeriswhatIneed.
Myfavoritesportisswimming.
Swimmingismyfavoritesport.
Thepurposeoftheinstructionistomakeiteasyfornewcomerstofindtheirwayaroundthecity.
Tomakeiteasyfornewcomerstofindtheirwayaroundthecityisthepurposeoftheinstruction.
TworeasonsforvisitingNewYorkaretoseethestatueofLibertyandtotakepicturesfromthetopoftheEmpireStateBuilding.
ToseethestatueofLibertyandtotakepicturesfromthetopoftheEmpireStateBuildingaretworeasonsforvisitingNewYork.
表示特征意义（一般不能互换）
Climbinghillsisgoodexercise.
Thishatistherightsize
Hisbrotherisasailor.
Ⅴ.主语+补语
Howcouldyoubesospiteful,andheryourbestfriend?
=seeingthatsheisyourbestfriend
Theyleftwithoutaword,andhesosensitive.
=Theyleftwithoutaword,thoughhewassosensitive.
Hehasbeenacquitted,andnowonder.
=Hehasbeenacquitted,anditwasnowonder.Or=Hehasbeenacquitted,whichisnowonder.
Ⅵ.量度形容词作主语补足语
Johnisold.
Johnistenyearsold.
⑴big,heavy,far,hot等形容词不能被量度名词短语修饰
It’s20kilosinweight.≠*20kilosheavy
Thevillageisfivemilesaway.≠*fivemilesfar
⑵fast,slow,late等可以与量度名词短语使用
Mywatchisfiveminutesfast.
Thetrainwastenminuteslate.
Ⅶ.作补语的介词短语与进行体
be+at+名词=-ing
Heisatwork（=working）onanewinvention.
atplay,atrest,etc.
be+on+名词=-ing
Thethiefwasontrial（=beingtired）fortheft.
onpatrol,onstrike,onholiday,onduty,onajourney,etc.
be+under+名词=-ing
Twonewmotorroadshaverecentlybeenopened,andseveralothersareunderconstruction（=beingconstructed）.
undercultivation,underway,etc.
be+in+名词=-ing
Themethodswithwhichwearesofamiliarwerenotinuse（=beingused）inthosedays.
inattendanceon,inpursuitof,inmotion,inprogress,etc.
Ⅷ.be+as/what从句
无差别
Heisnotas/whathewastenyearsago.
有差别
ThisiswhatImight.从句中没有be
固定习语
Airistousas/whatwateristofish.
Twoistothreeas/whatfouristosix.
Readingistothemindas/whatfoodistothebody.
Successistojoyas/whatfailureistosadness.
Ⅸ.准主语补足语和准宾语补足语
⑴准主语补足语
特殊系动词
描述主语现状arrive,float,go,hang,lie,ride,sit,stand,etc.
Georgestoodmotionlessasawoodenpost.
go,pass,emerge,escape,survive,etc.+过去分词
Hisremarkspassedunnoticed.
表示结果boil,fall,run,sink,wash,etc.
Thewellrandry.
⑵准宾语补足语
Wedon’teatshrimpsraw.（whentheyareraw）.
Shepushedthedooropen.
Exercises:
1.__A__findtheirwayhomestillremainsamysterytobiologists.
A.Howpigeons
B.Thatpigeons
C.Sincepigeons
D.Pigeons
2._C___RudolfDieseldisappearedfromaGermanshipboundforLondonisstillunknown.
A.This
B.Eventhough
C.How
D.That
3._C___efficientlydependsonthemannerinwhichthefueloilisinjectedintoitscylinder.
A.Adieselengineworks
B.Sinceadieselengine
C.Whetheradieselengineworks
D.Eventhoughadieselengineworks
4._A___salmonfindtheirwaybacktotheirbirthplacesstillremainsapuzzleinnature.
A.How
B.There
C.Notthat
D.That
5._D___pigeonscanfindtheirwayhomeisbeyonddispute.
A.Thereare
B.Itis
C.How
D.That
6._B___theearthisroundisawell-knownfact.
A.Since
B.That
C.Whether
D.This
7._D___theuniverseresultedfromahugeexplosionknownasthe“BigBang”iswidelyacceptedamongastronomersintheworld.
A.How
B.When
C.Whether
D.That
8._A___somepreciousstonescankeepevilsawayandbringaboutgoodfortuneisadeeplyrootedbeliefamongtheChinesepeople.
A.Why
B.How
C.Thereare
D.That
9.In1857,ElizabethBlackwellestablishedthefirsthospitalforwomenandchildrenwhichlaterbecame____isnowtheNewYorkInfirmaryforWomenChildren.
A.what
B.that
C.where
D.when
10.Themainreasonarchitectsarebuildingmoreandmoreskyscrapersis____thebuildingspacebecomingincreasinglylimited.
A.because
B.when
C.that
D.where
11.Oneoftheadvantagesofthephotovoltaiccellisbecauseitprovidesacleansourceofenergydirectlyfromthesun.
12.“DidMaryenjoyhertripontheoceanliner?
”“No,shestayedinhercabinwhiletheshipwas____.”
A.tosea
B.overthesea
C.inthesea
D.atsea
13.“Ilikeyourflowergardenverymuch.”“Thankyou,everythingis____bloomnow,”
A.in
B.by
C.on
D.at
14.Cottonproductionhasbeen____thedeclinetheseyears.
A.down
B.on
C.at
D.under
15.Thesurvivalofcivilizationasweknowitis____threat.
A.within
B.under
C.towards
D.upon
16.Whathesaidjustnowhadlittletodowiththequestion____discussion.
A.on
B.in
C.under
D.at
17.ThereasonIdidn’tgotoFrancewas____anewjob.
A.becauseIgot
B.becauseofgetting
C.dueto
D.thatIgot
18.Outputisnowsixtimes____itwasbefore1990.
A.that
B.what
C.thatwhich
D.ofthat
19.Waterwillcontinuetobe____itistoday—nextinimportancetooxygen.
A.how
B.which
C.as
D.what
20.“What’sthematterwithHarry?
”“Idon’tknow,buthecertainlylooks____he’dlosthisbestfriend.”
A.that
B.sothat
C.as
D.asif
21.Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentofpatientsdonottakedrugs____indicated.
A.like
B.so
C.which
D.as
22.____menhavelearnedmuchfromthebehaviorofanimalsishardlynew.
A.What
B.Those
C.That
D.Whether
23.____isthecenterofourplanetarysystemwasadifficultconcepttograspintheMiddleAge.
A.Itisthesunandnottheearth
B.Beingthesunandnottheearth
C.Thesunandnottheearth
D.Thatthesunandnottheearth
24.Theylosttheirwayintheforest,and____mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.
A.that
B.it
C.what
D.which
25.Amancannotbereallyhappyifthatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.
26.Thathisexplanationcomestoisthatwecanexpectnofurtherhelpfromhim.
27.ContrarytothatIhadexpected,themeetingfailedtoadopteitheroftheproposals.
28.Paulnevertolduswhywasheabsentfromthemeetingyesterday,didhe?
29.Manyyearsago,churcheswereprotectedbythebeliefthatwhostolefromasacredplacewouldgotohell.
30.IfIknewhisaddress,I____tohim.
A.canwrite
B.couldwrite
C.couldhavewritten
D.hadwritten
2006年英语专业四级语法真题
31.__D__dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.
A.Although
B.Whatever
C.As
D.However
32.IfonlyI__B__playtheguitaraswellasyou!
A.would
B.could
C.should
D.might
33.Theparty,__D__Iwastheguestofhonor,wasextremelyenjoyable.
A.bywhich
B.forwhich
C.towhich
D.atwhich
34.It’shightimewe__B__cuttingdowntherainforests.
A.stopped
B.hadtostop
C.shallstop
D.stop
35.Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe__C_impossibletocomprehend.
A.hasfound
B.wasfinding
C.hadfound
D.wouldfind
36.Loudspeakerswerefixedinthehallsothateveryone__D__anopportunitytothespeech.
A.oughttohave
B.musthave
C.mayhave
D.shouldhave
37.Iamsurprised__A__thiscityisadullplacetolivein.
A.thatyoushouldthink
B.bywhatyouarethinking
C.thatyouwouldthink
D.withwhatyouwerethinking
38.Susanisveryhardworking,butherpayisnot__B__forherwork.
A.enoughgood
B.goodenough
C.asgoodenough
D.goodasenough
39.Itisimperativethatthegovernment__C__moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.
A.attracts
B.shallattract
C.attract
D.hastoattract
40.Landbelongstothecity;thereis__D__thingasprivateownershipofland.
A.nosucha
B.notsuch
C.notsucha
D.nosuch
41.Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk__C__far.
A./
B.such
C.that
D.as
42.Thestatistics__D__thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.
A.proves
B.isproving
C.areproving
D.prove
43.Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,__A__thespoiltones.
A.notcounting
B.nottocount
C.don’tcount
D.havingnotcounted
44.Itwas__C__wehadhoped.
A.moreasuccessthan
B.asuccessmorethan
C.asmuchofasuccessas
D.asuccessasmuchas
45.Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,__D__?
A.didn’tit
B.doesn’tthere
C.usedn’tit
D.didn’tthere
46.Itisanoffencetoshow__D__againstpeopleofdifferentraces.
A.distinction
B.difference
C.separation
D.discrimination
47.Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto_B___theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.
A.refreshing
B.restoring
C.renovating
D.renewing
48.Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir_D___.
A.backs
B.necks
C.toes
D.heels
49.Theeconomicrecessionhasmeantthatjob__A_
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