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名词1doc

名词(nouns)

概念:

名词是表示事物的名称。

名词可分为表地点、人名、国家、机构、节日等专有名词和表事物名称的普通名词两大类。

而普通名词可分为可数的个体名词(某类人或事物中的个体)、集体名词(一群人或一些事物的总称)和不可数的物质名词(构成各种食物的物质或材料)、抽象名词(状态、动作、感情、品质等抽象概念)。

【要点提示】

对名词的考查主要集中在可数名词复数形式的变化、不可数名词的用法、名词作定语以及名词所有格等方面。

近几年,词义辨析题经常出现。

一、复数形式的变化规则

1.规则变化:

(1)一般加-s,以s\x\sh\ch结尾加es,以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加es。

如:

map—mapsbox—boxesstory—stories

(2)以o结尾的词多数加-es。

如potato—potatoes,但某些外来词和缩写词如piano,photo等,以及以“oo”或“元音字母+o”结尾的词只加-s。

如:

zoo—zoosradio—radioskangaroo—kangaroos

(3)以-f或-fe结尾的词,通常变f为v,再加-(e)s。

如:

knife—kniveswife—wives

(4)复合名词的变化规则,一般将主体名词变成复数:

brother-in-law—brothers-in-law,tooth-brush—teeth-brushes,astory-teller—story-tellers;但无主题名词时在词尾加s:

grown-up—grown-ups,look-out—look-outs;但当man,woman作定语时,定语和主体词都要变:

awomandoctor—womendoctors(女医生)

2.不规则变化有变内部元音字母:

foot-feet,goose-geese,man-men,tooth-teeth的;有词尾加(r)en的:

child-children,ox-oxen;也有单复数同形的:

deer,fish,sheep.还有“某国人”的复数变化特殊形式:

Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese;Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen;German-Germans,Roman-Romans,Australian-Australians,Indian-Indians

3.特别提示:

(1)部分集合名词既可用作单数(作为整体),也可用作复数(作为成员)。

如:

class,family,team,group等。

(2)有些名词表示成双成对的东西,通常只用其复数形式。

如:

glasses(眼镜)pants(裤子)headphones,shoes,trousers,scissors,compasses等;noodles,vegetables。

(3)一些固定词组中的名词只有复数形式:

expressone’sthankstosb,aletterofthanks,inhigh/lowspirits等。

(4)部分学科名词虽以-s结尾,但用作单数。

如:

mathematics(数学)physics(物理学)

二、不可数名词

1.不可数名词无复数形式,所以不能直接与a/an连用,其量的概念经常借助于单位词来表达。

如:

apieceoffurniture(一件家具)abagofsand(一包沙),不可数名词课由some,any,all,little,alittle,much,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等词和短语连用。

2.某些名词可以兼作可数名词(表示个体名词)和不可数名词(表示物质名词或抽象名词)。

如:

aglass(一个玻璃杯)—glass(玻璃)

aroom(一个房间)—room(空间)

achicken(一只鸡)—chicken(鸡肉)

三、名词所有格的用法

1.当名词是人名或表示有生命以及被视为有生命的

东西时,可以用名词的所有格形式:

在名词末尾加’s构成(有-s或-es的复数形式名词末尾只加’)。

如:

John’sbooks,theworkers’library,theChildren’sPalace,theirboss’car

2.如果某物为两人所共有,则只需在后一个名词后加‘s;如果两人各自拥有,需要在这两个名词后分别加上‘s。

如:

MayandJane’scar(她俩共有的车)

May’sandJane’scars(她俩各自的车)

3.表示国家、城市等的地点名词和表示时间、距离、度量及金钱的名词,虽是无生命的,但是也可用’s。

如:

atwoweeks’holiday

4.双重所有格“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”结构常用于表示部分概念或带有一定的感情色彩。

如:

afriendofmyfather’s,abookofmine

5.‘s后的名词如指商店、家宅等地点时,该名词常省略。

如:

atthedoctor’s(在诊所)

【链接】

“of+名词”结构常用于表示无生命事物的所有关系,也可表示有生命事物的所有关系。

如:

thelegsofthetable,theclassroomofthefirst-yearstudents

4、名词词义辨析:

1、family,home,house.

Family强调家庭中全体成员,home指人们居住的地方,house强调房屋和居住点。

2、job与work。

job指一项具体的工作或职业,是可数名词;work指工作,劳动,是不可数名词。

3、voice,noise,sound

4、message(口信),leave/takeamessage;news和information都是不可数名词,前者指新闻,后者指信息资料。

5、clothes统指各种衣服,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式;cloth,编织物为不可数名词,布匹为可数名词。

clothing服装总称,总是用单数形式。

【名词专练】

Ⅰ.请根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。

1.Ifourschoolteamwinsthelasttwo__________(比赛),wewillbethetop.

2.Thereissomethingexcitingin____________(今天)newspaper.

3.Allthe_____________(英雄)aregreatpeople.Weshouldrememberthemforever.

4.Ihearwewillhavea_________________(三天)holiday.

5.Theyareinterestedinscience,andtheywanttobe___________(科学家)whentheygrowup.

6.Therearesome____________(狐狸)inthezoo.

7.Whichdoyoulikebetter,_____________(土豆)or_____________(西红柿)?

8.Wewillgotomy_____________(叔叔家)fordinnerthisSaturday.

9.These______________(手表)aremadeinChina.

10.________________(毛衣)areusedforkeepingwarm.

11.Wecangetlotsof_______________(信息)fromtheInternet.

12.Iamhungry.Pleasegiveme______________(两片面包).

13.Therearetwo__________________(架子)intheroom.

14.TheearthquakeinWenchuanmadelotsofpeoplelosetheir____________(生命).

15.Iwouldgiveittomedical____________(研究)ifIhadamilliondollars.

16.Therearetwo___________(男老师)andthree___________(男学生)intheroom.

17.Thegroundiscoveredwith____________(树叶).

18.________________(八月)istheeighthmonthoftheyear.

19.Myfatherjustgothisdriving____________(执照).

20.Mike’suncleisafilm____________(导演)ofourcity.

21.Weusuallyhave______________(面包)forbreakfast.

22.Imadealotof__________(错误)inthisexam.

23.Theyhavemadea__________(决定)tobuildabigfactoryhere.

24.Thebesttimetobrushyour__________(牙齿)is3minutesaftermeals.

25.Whydon’tyoulearntoEnglish______ (歌曲)?

Ⅱ.请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

()1.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____________.

A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair

()2.—Oh!

Thereisn’tenough____________forusinthebus.

—Nohurry.Let’swaitforthenext.

A.placeB.landC.roomD.floor

()3.—Isthata______________?

—Yes,therearemanykindsofbeautifulshoesinit.Let’sgoandhavealook.

A.fruitshopB.toystoreC.shoestoreD.bookshop

()4.Iwantedtotellhimthetruth,butIdidn’thavea(an)_________.

A.excuseB.chanceC.testD.choice

()5.ShehasbeeninChongqingforeightyears.

Chongqinghasbecomehersecond___________.

A.stationB.houseC.homeD.family

()6.—Pleasegivemea____________whenyouarrive.

—OK.I’lltellyoueverythingassoonasIgetthere.

A.ringB.presentC.handD.ride

()7.—WhatcanIdoforyou?

—I’dlikeseveral___________andsomepeas.

A.potatoB.fishC.meatD.banana

()8.—Whatcanyouseeatthefootofthehill?

—Agroupof____________areeating___________and__________.

A.deer,grass,leavesB.cow,grass,leaf

C.deer,grass,leafD.cow,grass,leaves

()9.—Excuseme,waiter.We’releaving.Canyoubringmethe___________,please?

—OK.Hereyouare.

A.moneyB.billC.watchD.list

()10.—Whereareyougoing,XiangHua?

—I’mgoingtothe_____________toseeamovie.

A.bookstoreB.supermarketC.mountainD.cinema

()11.Ithinkweshouldhave____________inourselvesandwewillmakeitifwehaveatry.

A.successB.confidenceC.progressD.knowledge

()12.—Wouldyoulikesome__________todrink,MrGreen?

—No,thanks.

A.milkB.fruitC.meatD.bread

()13.______________roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.

A.JimandTonyB.Jim’sandTony

C.JimandTony’sD.Jim’sandTony’s

()14.Twobikesareinfrontofthehouse.They’re___________.

A.thetwins’B.twin’sC.twinsD.thetwin’s

()15.—Excuseme,isthefactoryfarfromhere?

—No,it’sabout5______________-walk.

A.minutesB.minuteC.minutes’D.minute’s

()16.-let’smakeabananamilkshake.Whatdoweneed?

-Weneedsome______andtwo______.

A.bananas;cupofmilkB.Bananas;cupsofmilkC.Bananas;milks

17.-AfterP.E,Ioftenfeelverythirsty.

-Whynotbuysome______todrink?

A.breadB.noodlesC.ApplejuiceD.Teas

18.Youcanfindmany______aboutthefamousfilmstarontheInternet.

A.newsB.picturesC.ticketsD.Formation

19.-Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmethewaytothe______?

Ihavehadtoomuchwater.

-Goalongthestreetandyouwillfindone.

A.bedroomB.livingroomC.classroomD.Restroom

()20.-Hello,Frank.Youlookunhappy.Whathappened?

-Therearetoomany______inoursupermarket,andI’mtheonlyman.SoIhavetodoalltheheavywork.It’stootiring.

A.womanworkerB.womanworkersC.womenworkerD.womenworkers

()21.-Thereis______saltinthekitchen.Wouldyouliketogoandgetsome______,Tom?

-OK.

A.little;someB.few;someC.alittle;someD.afew;any

()22.Thereisnoenough______onthecornertoputanyshelf.

A.placeB.roomC.floorD.ground

()23.Wemustfindsome______aboutthepeopleontheplaneMH370asquicklyaspossible.

A.informationB.newsC.messageD.advice

()24.Dad,Ihave______money.Ican’tevenbuyapencil.Couldyougivemesome?

A.alittleB.afewC.little

()25.-Oh!

Thereisnoenough______forusonthebus.

-Nohurry.Let’swaitforthenext.

A.placeB.landC.roomD.floor

()26.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehaveno______buttotakeataxi.

A.wayB.possibilityC.meansD.choice

()27.Thelittlebabyhas______eatingnutsbecausehehasnoteeth.Soyou’dbetterstopfeedinghim.

A.questionB.problemC.difficultyD.trouble

()28.-Where’sTom?

-He’slefta______sayingthathehassomethingtodo.

A.excuseB.sentenceC.messageD.news

、完型填空

There’saverygoodsolutiontoyourproblems.Forthisyousimply1todoafewthingsthatyouhavealreadyknown.

Takeadeepbreath.Atfirst,takeadeepbreathandcalmdown,butadeepbreathdoesn’t2justonetime.Sitdownandbreatheinandoutslowly.Dothisafew3andyou’llfeelmuchlighter.

Makealist.Onceyoufeelalittle4,takeapenandapieceofpaperandstartwritingdownallthe5thataretroublingyou.Carefullylistingallyourproblemswillmakesurethatyoudon’t6anythingforthelastminute.

Categorize(对......进行分类)yourproblems.Aftermakingalist,youshouldpickoutwhatcanbe7nowandwhatwillbeleftforlater.

Taketherightaction.Onceyouknowyour8,solvethemassoonasyoucan.Forexample,ifyourhomeworkneedstobedone,trytogetitdonetoday.Andyoucan9removeitfromyourlist.

Whenyouareableto10thesmallerproblems,yourlifewillbemoreexcitingbecauseyouwon’tbetroubledallthetime.

()1.A.needB.askC.wantD.Help

()2.A.tellB.meanC.knowD.like

()3A.monthsB.yearsC.timesD.days

()4.A.betterB.worseC.angrierD.heavier

()5.A.answersB.ideasC.mattersD.ways

()6.A.rememberB.thinkC.understandD.forget

()7.A.pickedB.solvedC.leftD.missed

()8.A.problemsB.questionsC.changesD.jobs

()9.A.slowlyB.sadlyC.hardlyD.happily

()10.A.LearnaboutB.KnowaboutC.DealwithD.Talkwith

阅读理解A篇

Mckenzie’sisa12-year-oldgirlandshelovesdancing.ThoughMackenziehasagenetic(基因的)diseasethatkeepsherinawheelchair,shehasaloyalpartner,herfather.Hetookhertodanc

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