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21世纪研究生英语综合教程2答案
21世纪研究生英语(综合教程2)练习题答案
UnitOne
TextAPuttinginaGoodWordforGuilt
Ⅲ.Keytotheexercises
1.Readingcomprehension
(1)Theythinkguiltisabadthingforone’spsychology,andifyouwanttolivewithtrueliberation,youshouldgetridofthesenseofguiltandtrytobelieveeverythingandeverybodyisOK,nomatterwhatyouhavedone.
(2)Underthiskindofconception,peopletrytoignorethesenseofguiltwithoutfindingoutitsrealmeaninginlife.Andit’ssomewhatlikeselfdeceivingtosayeverythingisokbecauseindeeperconscience,peoplewillstillfeeluneasyifsenseofguiltisnotdealtwithproperly.
(3)Somepeoplecangothroughtheirliveswithoutamomentofguilt,whiletheothergroupofpeoplemayfeelguiltyjustforbeingalive.
(4)Asenseofguilt,aswellasasenseofduty,canurgeustodotherightthingwhenwemaynotfeellikedoingit.Inthatway,asenseofguiltisthegreatcivilizerofourbasicconscienceandthemaintainerofourbehavior.
(5)Youcaneitherchangetheopinionofaperfectimagesothatyou’llfeellessguiltywhenfailingtoachievesomething,orchangethebehaviorinawaythatismoreinaccordwithyourrightconscience.
2.Vocabulary
(1)slaying
(2)obsessively(3)ingrained(4)hustles
(5)inflicted(6)commandment/stampede(7)infidelities
(8)qualms(9)catatonic
3.Paraphrase
(1)Butthenitcametomymindthatpeoplehavegivenupguiltfortoolongatime.Duringthatperiodoftimeofabouttenyearsormore,thosewelcomepsychologistssolvedpeople’smentalproblemsbywritingbooksinsteadofgivingclinicaltreatment.Andtheyaretryingtoadvocatetheconceptthatnobodyshouldfeelguiltyforanything.
(2)Inthepast,itwascommonlythoughtthattolovehimself,everyoneshouldfirstgiveuphisguilt.Forthemostpartofthepasttenyears,peopledeliberatelyignoredthesenseofguiltwithoutunderstandingitsmeaningandsignificance.
(3)What’smore,wewouldneverbeoneofthosewhogiveuptheirguiltwhilebecomingmoreandmoredeterioratedinexcessiveadmirationofthemselves.
(4)Therearepeoplewhoaretorturedbyunreasonableguilt.Ofcoursewearenotwillingtobeoneofthemorguideourchildrentobeoneofthem.
(5)Insuchachangeableworld,oursenseofdutyisverylikelytochangeourfeeling.Nowanoldconceptmayconflictwithanewoneonwhatweshoulddo.Thereisagreatdifferencebetweenourbeliefandtheeducationwegot,andthatdifferenceresultsinthesenseofguilt.
(6)Ifguiltrepresentsthecontradictionofourstandardsofbehavior,itisagoodthingfullofstrengthandhumanness.
(7)Insomeaspect,thesocalledbadfeelingreflectsthebestnatureofhumanbeing.Becausewedon’twanttofeelguilty,wewillnotdobadthings.
(8)Inthataspect,guiltcanmakeuscivilizedandforceusbyconsciencetobegoodpeopleinsteadofputtingourselvesinthefirstplaceurgently.
4.Cloze
(2)responsibility(3)reason(4)triggered(5)anxiety(6)committed(7)criticism(8)empathy(9)develop(10)violates(11)value(12)intended(13)fulfill(14)generally(15)failing(16)intended(17)biochemical(18)judged(19)since(20)nature5.Translation
A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.
究其最深层最彻底的含义,内疚感是我们心中一个渴望被捕获的罪犯。
做错了事就产生这种可怕的、发自内心的感觉。
这正如麦克白夫人满脑子想的那个别人看不到的血点一样……而且我们还不能四处张望。
没有内疚就等于没有良知。
感觉不到内疚的人给他人造成痛苦后心情照样不错,结果他们就心安理得地接着给别人制造痛苦。
我们什么不要都可以,唯独不能不要良知。
弗洛伊德曾说过:
“上帝在良知方面处理不当,有些粗心,大多数人生来良知就不算多,要么就少的不值一提。
”
这里说明一点,我并不是建议每个人报名参加寻找内疚之旅。
然而,我们必须对以下两种观点加以区分:
一种认为我们所有人都应该为诸如贫困或种族主义感到内疚;另一种则断言受压迫者是“命里注定”。
B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
(1)Peopleappealedtothegovernmenttoputinagoodwordfortherealheroafterthetruthcameout.
(2)OnthecomingoftheNewYear,itoccurredtoSamthatheshouldputasidehisworkforawhileandcallhisparents.
(3)Inatimeofchange,youngpeopleoftenputselfinterestinthefirstplaceandtuneoutsocialcommitment.
(4)Thegovernmenthasrealizedthatserioussocialproblemsmayarisefromwealthpolarization,andmeasureshavebeentakentoshortenthedistance.
(5)Asthecostofbeingfamous,starsareparticularlyvulnerabletocriticism,becausepeoplealwayshavehigherexpectationsofthem.
UnitTwo
TextAIntheBeginning:
GodandScience
Ⅲ.Keytotheexercises
1.Readingcomprehension
(1)“Immaterial”hastwosenses:
(a)Ofnoimportanceorrelevance,inconsequentialorirrelevant;(b)Havingnomaterialbodyorform.Itseemsthatpeoplehavetakentheconceptionthatreligionorspiritualactivityisofnoimportanceinhuman’slife.
(2)TheSteadyStatetheorythattheuniversejustexistsinfinitivelywithoutgenerationanddestruction.
(3)BecausetheyseemtogetsomeconfirmationfromthescienceofthecreationofworlddescribedinBible.
(4)Becauseitisoneofthebasicscientificprinciplethateveryeffecthasacause,butthecreationoftheuniverse,asthestartingpointofeverything,hasnocause,whichcontradictswiththeprinciple.
(5)Ofcourseitisnotthefinalconclusionaboutthecreationofworld.Butbothscientificandreligiousfieldsshouldtakesomeefforttoexplorewithproperawetheunknownareathatissuggestedbyit.
2.Vocabulary
(2)serenity(3)ignites(4)receding(5)subversive(6)convergence(7)provisional(8)defies(9)concur(10)becoming3.Paraphrase
(1)It’shardandevenintolerabletoimaginetheinfinitiveuniverse,liketheendlesstime,butthisideacanatleastmakepeoplefeelcalmandpeaceful.
(2)However,inrecentdecades,theSteadyStatemodelofuniversehasbeensubstitutedinscientificfieldbyamoredifficultideathattheuniverseisfullofforcefulactions.
(3)TheBigBangtheorymakessomeastronomersveryuneasy,butatthesametime,createsalittleexcitementinreligiousfieldforitseemstoconfirmtheirbeliefincreation.
(4)ScienceeducedtheBigBangtheoryfromthehardworkofassumptionandtestificationandevenunexpectedbutpleasantincidents,whichsharelittleinterestwithideology.
(5)Manytheologiansalsoagreethatthesimilarpointsofreligionandscienceontheissueofcreationisaccidentalwithoutdeepsignificance.
(6)Somescientistsrefusetoconsidertheissueofcreationwiththeattitudeofdealingwiththefact.
(7)Yet,actuallyeveryone,includingscientistsandcommonreligiouspersons,ispossessedbytheconfusingissuesofcreationandevenwhathappenedbeforeit.
(8)Peoplewhoareengagedinthehitechfieldneedsomethingfromspiritandethicstoconducttheirwork.
(9)TheBigBangtheoryofcourseisnottheperfectfinaltheoryofcreationthathumancandevelop,butwhatitshowstousisavastunknownareathatrequireseffortandappropriaterespectfrombothreligionandscience.
4.Cloze
(2)deeply(3)movements(4)longing(5)endeavor(6)present(7)religious(8)suffice(9)varying(10)experience(11)primitive(12)evokes(13)stage(14)poorly(15)creates(16)depend(17)handed(18)disposed(19)degree(20)basis5.Translation
A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.
硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。
几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题是,在几十亿年前,是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。
这一步使得遍布地球的所有生命形式的发展成为可能。
为什么恰在那时发生呢?
对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同,宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。
自启蒙运动以来,《圣经》所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”,如人之堕落和耶稣基督的奇迹,屡屡遭遇科学的贬抑;它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。
现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”:
创世说。
B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.
(1)Sincemygrandmaknowsnothingaboutelectricalappliance,shealwaysstaysclearofanyofthemwithfear.
(2)Althoughtheyhavebeensiegedforalmostaweek,thesoldiersswearnevertoyieldthegroundtotheenemy.
(3)Hefoundwithembarrassmentthathisnewbossturnedouttobehisprimaryschoolclassmate,onwhomheusedtoplaytrick.
(4)Everybodyshouldknowhowtochoosewhentheirsocialresponsibilityclasheswiththeirpersonalinterest.
(5)Touristsfromallovertheworldarereallytakenbythebeautyandintelligenceshowninthispalace.
UnitThree
TextAPrivacyandPropertyontheNet
Ⅲ.Keytotheexercises
1.Readingcomprehension
(1)Thewriterintendstoshowthereexistshypocrisyingovernment’sconfidentialityprotections.
(2)Theauthorimpliestosatirizethatcopyrightfailstofulfillitsfunctionthatitwasintendedtoperform,thatis,toprotectperformers,eithercelebritiesorunknownperformers,equally.Instead,itstatesadistinctionbetweenthem.
(3)Citizens’privacyisviolatedbygovernmentsurveillance(refertopara.7).
(4)Scientistscanutilizedatamining.Althoughinternetbasedresearchlikedatamininghasitsdrawbackssuchaslackofreliability,impossibilityofimpartiality,thewriterstillholdstheviewthat“internetresearchcouldbenefitscience,aswellassociety.”
(5)Governmentshouldkeeppacewiththesocietaldevelopmentandtimelyupdateitspoliciesonprivacyandpropertybasedonappropriateresearch.
2.Vocabulary
(1)confidential
(2)facilitate(3)bizarre(4)innovation
(5)surveillance(6)incidentally(7)administered(8)deregulation
3.Paraphrase
(1)Althoughprivacyandpropertyarefirmlyestablishedinthehistoryofhumandevelopment,theyvaryasthesocialcriteriachange.
(2)Theytwoarebasedonexperienceandcanbescientificallytrue.However,theymaybeprovedwronginsomedomainslikesocialaspects.
(3)Courtofficialswhohavemadeasolemnpromisecouldexplorethedoubtfulcasesthenspecifythosereallyguiltyfewandreporttopunishthemaccordingtolaws.
(4)Informationtechnologycannotprovideconvincinganswerstosuchquestionsthusendingupbeingdoubtedbypublic,followingnuclearpowerandgeneticengineering.
(5)Internetbasedinvestigationsmightsucceed,buttheyareusuallylessreliablethantraditionalrandomlysampledpolls.
4.Cloze
(1)sophisticated
(2)protect(3)named(4)emplo