About our Administrative Law Enforcement Problems and Countermeasures.docx

About our Administrative Law Enforcement Problems and Countermeasures.docx

《About our Administrative Law Enforcement Problems and Countermeasures.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《About our Administrative Law Enforcement Problems and Countermeasures.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

AboutourAdministrativeLawEnforcementProblemsandCountermeasures

Foodsafetyistoprotectpublichealth,improvethequalityofbasicpubliclife.Fromthefieldoffoodsafetysupervisioninspection,regulatoryconflictsandlackofsupervisionexistenceofsuchphenomenaisalotoffoodsafetyissueshighlightedoneofthereasons.Itsrootslieinthelegalsystemoffoodregulation,regulatoryregimeandregulatorysafeguardssystemisimperfect.Moredevelopedregulatorymodeltosummarizetheadvancedexperiencefromcommonunderstanding,improvethelegalsystem,strengthentheregulatorysystem,improvethesecuritysystem,accordingtoregulatoryandotheraspectsandimprovethefoodsafetyregulatorysystemistostrengthenfoodsafetysupervision,realizetheimportanceoffoodsafetypathway.

Keywords:

foodsafetyregulatoryadministrativeenforcementmeasures

[Text]

AdministrativelawandbuildingasocialistlegalsystemistheprocessstageofChina'smostimportantcontentandlinks.Aperiod,especiallysincetheCPConestablishingtheruleoflawandthenewconstitution,thebasicstrategyofbuildingtheruleoflaw,thegovernmentdepartmentsactivelyusevariousmeanstocarryoutadministrativelawenforcementhasmadegreatachievements.However,comparedwiththesocialexpectations,thestatusofadministrativelawenforcementisstillnotoptimistic,somedeep-seatedcontradictionsandproblemshavenotfundamentallyeliminated.

Intheareaof​​foodsafety,2003-2004,Fuyanginferiormilkpowder,toxicLongkouvermicelli,Sichuanpicklestrichlorfonandothermajorfoodsafetyincidentwasexposedbythemedia;2005,ChinahasemergedHeinz'Sudan'EventNestle'superDianmilk'incidentlight'degeneratemilk'and'earlymilk'andotherevents,eachpieceisshocking.Somepeopleuse'vegetablePongpesticides,Chenmeterswithnicedecoration,flouragainstureaformaldehydefoamseafood,smokedsulfurfungus,hormonefedturtle,Timpoppypot,mineraloilsprayedcookie'todescribeChina'sfoodsafetysituation.Howtostrengthenfoodsafetysupervision,toachieveChina'sfoodsecurityisrelevantgovernmentdepartmentsatalllevelsoflawenforcementcapabilitiesseveretest.

Thispaperhighlightstheexistingfoodsafetyregulatoryissues,forexample,throughtheanalysis,comparisonandproposecountermeasurestosolvethepresentstageofthecommonproblemsofadministrativelawenforcementprovidesatypicalspecimen.

Afoodsafetyregulatoryoverview

（A）theconnotationoffoodsafety

Foodisabasichumansurvival.AccordingtoChina's'FoodSanitationLaw'requirementreferstoavarietyoffoodordrinkforhumanconsumptionandrawmaterialsaswellasfinishedproductsaccordingtothetraditionalasbothfoodandpharmaceuticalitems,butdoesnotincludeitemsfortherapeuticpurposes.

Foodsafetyistoprotectpublichealth,improvethequalityofbasicpubliclife.Atpresent,foodsafetyhasbecomeamajorglobalstrategicissues,andmoreandmoregovernmentsaroundtheworldandtheconsumer'sattention.AsChina'seconomicandsocialdevelopmentaswellasthesustainedhigherspeedstoimprovepeople'slivingstandards,foodsafetyisincreasinglyhighrequirements.

Onfoodsafety,differentliteratureabroadhavedifferentdefinitions.Withdifferentlevelsofsociallife,foodsafety,fromtheearliesttoavoidpoisoning,theprotectionoflife,thenthedevelopmentofnutrition,health,healthy,helpmaintaintheecologicalbalanceandsustainabledevelopment,anditsmeaningisconstantlyenrichedandextended.

1,thenarrowconceptoffoodsecurity,mainlyfoodhygiene.Thatfoodshouldbenon-toxic,harmlessandtoensuresafetyoflifeandmaintainphysicalhealthneeds.

2,thebroadconceptoffoodsafety,itiscontinuingtoimprovehumanlife,andcontinuetoimprovetheecologicalqualityoftheenvironment,sothathumansocietycanbesustainedforlongexistenceanddevelopment.Inthissensefoodsafety,includinghealthandsafety,qualityandsafety,quantitysecurity,nutritionalsecurity,bio-securityandsustainablesecurityandothersixelements.

3,fromthepresentstagetheconcretepracticeofadministrativelawenforcementpointofview,themainfocusoffoodsafety,healthorsafety,qualityandnutritionalsecurity;articlereferstofoodsafety,inadditiontospecialinstructions,usuallyreferstothesenseoffoodsafety.

（Two）thestatusquoofChina'sfoodsafety

1,theimprovedfoodsafety

Sincereformandopening,China'sfoodsafetyhasimprovedsignificantly.

MinistryofHealthmonitoringindicatesthatfoodhygieneaveragepassratecontinuestoincrease.'FoodSanitationLaw（Trial）'infrontof1982,China'sfoodhygienemonitoringoverallpassrateof61.5%;'FoodSanitationLaw'aftertheimplementationin1994,2000and2002,foodhygienemonitoringtheoverallpassratereached82.3%,88.9%and93.4%.In2003and2004,theNationalFoodHygieneMonitoringtheoverallpassratecontinuestomaintainasteadyincreaseinthefirstquarterof2003hasreached97.1%.

MonitoringshowsthattheMinistryofAgriculture,China'shighonvegetableresiduesandhighlytoxicpesticidescontrolachievedremarkableresults,especiallyforlivestockproductsinthe'lean'（clenbuterol）controleffectivenessisobvious,exportfoodqualitycontinuesincreased.China'sfoodqualityandsafetycontrolhasmadesignificantprogress.

2,thefoodsafetysituationisworrying

Foralongtime,China'sfoodsupplysystemismainlytoincreasethefoodsupplyaroundthenumberofquestionsandsetup.Asadevelopingcountry,Chinainagriculturalproduction,foodprocessing,andmarketingandotheraspectsofsecurityrisksstillexist,fakeandshoddyfoodrepeated,majorfoodsafetyaccidentsoccurredfrequently.Foodsafetyproblemsinthefollowingareas:

（1）Ingeneral.AccordingtotheMinistryofHealthSupervisionCenterinMarch2005issuedbytheanalysisreport,China'scurrentfoodsafety,themainproblemssummarizedinthefollowingfiveaspects:

First,microbesthatcausefoodbornediseasesarethemainfactorsaffectingfoodsecurity.Second,plantingandbreedingindustrysourcepollutiononfoodsafetythreats.Third,seriousfoodproductionoperationsusingsubstandardmaterialsproductionandprocessingoffoodissues.Fourth,thefoodindustrytheapplicationofnewmaterials,newtechnologybringsfoodsafetyissues.Fifth,environmentalpollutionposedaseriousthreattofoodsafety.

（2）healthandsafetyaspects.AccordingtostatisticsprovidedbytheMinistryofHealth,China'sfoodsafetyproblemsinrecentyearsshowingatrendoffluctuation.2003MinistryofHealthreceivedatotalof379nationalreportsfrommajorfoodpoisoningincidents,12,876peoplewerepoisoned,323peopledied.Comparedwith2002,thenumberofmajorfoodpoisoningfromthereport,poisoning,deathsincreasedby196.1%,80.7%,134.1%.Threequartersof2005,theMinistryofHealthandtheNationalmajorfoodpoisoningincidentreportsreceivedfrom202,7124peoplewerepoisoned,196peopledied.

（3）thequalityandsafetyaspects.AccordingtotheStateAdministrationofQualitySupervisionreportsfromthetypesoffarmingandotherprimaryagriculturalproductionareastosee,thefarmer'sproductionscaleissmall,decentralizedoperation,gradingandpackagingofagriculturalproductslowleveloftechnology,traceabilitymanagementdifficulties;infoodproductionandprocessingareas,China'sfoodprocessingenterprisesmustmostoftherelativelysmallsizeofthecountry'smorethan700millionsmallexistingfoodprocessingworkshops,stallsformorethan80%ofthehandsoflessthan10workshops,backwardtechnology,20%-30%didnotmeetindustrystandards,thefifthwithoutstandardproduction,two-thirdsdonothavethefoodinspectioncapacity,nearlyhalfofnon-foodfactoryinspection,fourthrightintotheplantmaterialdoesnotcarryoutanychecks,60%donothavethebasicproductionconditions;inthecirculationprocess,aspackaging,storage,transportationandotherfacilitiesarebackwardandmismanagement,causingsecondarypollutionoffood,itisdifficulttoensurefoodqualityandsafety.

（4）nutritionsecurity.AccordingtotheChineseNutritionSocietysurveyshowedthatnearly10years,althoughthenutritionalstatusofresidentssignificantlyimproved,buttheproblemofmalnutritionisstillquiteprominent,showingthecoexistenceofnutritionaldeficienciesandnutritionalimbalances,nutritionaldeficienciescausedbyfoodinsecurityisalsoanimportantfactorinthea.2004Fuyanginferiormilkpowdercausedbythe'BigHead'eventisoneofoutstandingperformance.

（Three）foodsafetyregulatoryoverview

1,theadministrativelawenforcementandsupervisionoffoodsafety

Administrativeenforcementofadministrativeorgansinaccordancewithlawsandregulationsrelativetotakeadirectimpactontherightsandobligationsofthespecificadministrativeact,orontherelativerightsandobligationsoftheexerciseofsupervisionandinspectionofadministrativeacts.Inthisarticle,administrativeactsofadministrativelawenforcementisnotthewhole,refersonlytothesupervisionandinspectionoftheimplementationofadministrativepenaltiesandtotakeadministrativeenforcementmeasuresandotheradministrativepractitionersrecognizedcustomarylawenforcement.

Intheareaof​​foodsafety,althoughlawenforcementhasgraduallycomeoutofpolicyonbehalfofFrance,onbehalfofFranceinordertospeakonbehalfoflawenforcementsuchadministrativemanagementlevels,butbecauseofthehistory,industrypractices,thepaperisstilla'foodsafetysupervision'instead'Foodsafetylawenforcement'touse.Namelyfoodsafetysu