成人考研英语一真题.docx

成人考研英语一真题.docx

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成人考研英语一真题

2022考研英语一真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C],or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm"plantneurobiology"was

（1）aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe

（2）tointelligenceinanimals.（3）plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat（4）consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.

Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit（5）sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called（6）ofplants5intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.

Beginningin2006,somescientistshave（7）thatplantspossessneuron一likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,（8）"aplantnervoussystem,（9）tothatinanimals,55saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"They（10）claimedthatplantshave"brain-likecommandcenters"attheirroottips.55

This（11）makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,（12）ittoananayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.（13）,thesignalinginaplantisonly（14）similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan"amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,55Taizsaid.

"Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold（15）ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,he（16）Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,the（17）thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero."

Andwhafssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?

Plantscan'trunawayfrom（18）,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich（19）athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery（20）evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.

1.A.coined

B.discovered

C.collected

D.issued

2.A.attributed

B.directed

C.compared

D.confined

3.A.unless

B.when

C.once

D.though

4.A.copewith

B.consistedof

C.hintedat

D.extendedin

5.A.suffers

B.benefits

C.develops

D.differs

6.A.acceptance

B.evidence

C.cultivation

D.creation

7.A.doubted

B.denied

C.argued

D.requested

8.A.adapting

B.forming

C.repairing

D.testing

9.A.analogous

B.essential

C.suitable

D.sensitive

lO.A.just

B.ever

C.still

D.even

11.A.restriction

B.experiment

C.perspective

D.demand

12.A.attaching

B.reducing

C.returning

D.exposing

13.A.However

B.Moreover

C.Therefore

D.Otherwise

14.A.temporarily

B.literally

C.superficially

D.imaginarily

15.A.list

B.level

C.label

D.local

16.A.recalled

B.agreed

C.questioned

D.added

17.A.chances

B.risks

C.excuses

D.assumptions

18.A.danger

B.failure

C.warning

D.control

19.A.represents

B.includes

C.reveals

D.recognizes

2O.A.humble

B.poor

C.practical

D.easy

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readdiefollowingfburtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D],MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.

They"weep"outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:

earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.

Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It'slikebakingacake:

Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,55shesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb/5

Andsometimes,ifsnottheartisfsfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfbampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen"naturecarpets"-largerectanglesdecoratedwithfbampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets-whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.

Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefbamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It'sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi5ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals"sunscreens"becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.

DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten5s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFeneira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,"andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'llbeseen."

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin.

[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems

[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts

[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits

[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections

22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare.

[A]immunetodecay

[B]improperlyshaped

[C]inherentlyflawed

[D]complexinstructure

23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto.

[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors

[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay

[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed

[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage

24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis.

[A]costly

[B]unworthy

[C]unpopular

[D]challenging

25.InFeneira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts.

[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch

[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance

[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages

[D]hasanimpactontoday'sculturallife

Text2

Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationsandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.

Millennialsweretoldthat迁youdidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles;apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongsttheOECD.

Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,but,ratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.

Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.

Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.

ItisunlikelythatGenZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayagile,relevantandemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgenerationduetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishfbrpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefbrdiversitywillworkfbr17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ'scareertrajectory.

Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:

Iamageographer'or4Tamaciassist.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;ifsasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefinetheminthesameway.

26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould.

[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege

[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage

[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation

[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication

27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect.

[A]Millennial'sopinionsaboutwork

[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree

[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation

[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility

28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.

[A]GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree

[B]schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers

[C]employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegree

[D]