成人考研英语一真题.docx

1、成人考研英语一真题2022考研英语一真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term plant neurobiolog

2、y was (1) around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be (2) to intelligence in animals. (3) plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that (4) consciousness, researchers previously reported.But such an idea is untr

3、ue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it ( 5 ) so greatly from that of animals that so-called ( 6 ) of plants5 intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have (7) that plants possess neuron一like cells that intera

4、ct with hormones and neurotransmitters, (8) a plant nervous system, (9) to that in animals,55 said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, They (10) claimed that plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.55This (11) makes sense if you simplify the workings of a complex brain, (12) it to an a

5、nay of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. (13) , the signaling in a plant is only (14) similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than a mass of cells that communicate by electricity,55 Taiz said.For consciousness to evolve, a brain wi

6、th a threshold (15) of complexity and capacity is required,he (16) Since plants dont have nervous systems, the (17) that they have consciousness are effectively zero.And whafs so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants cant run away from (18) , so investing energy in a body system which (19) a thr

7、eat and can feel pain would be a very (20) evolutionary strategy, according to the article.1 .A.coinedB. discoveredC.collectedD.issued2.A.attributedB. directedC. comparedD.confined3.A.unlessB.whenC.onceD. though4.A.cope withB.consisted ofC .hinted atD.extended in5.A.suffersB .benefitsC. developsD.di

8、ffers6.A.acceptanceB. evidenceC. cultivationD.creation7. A. doubtedB. deniedC. arguedD.requested8.A.adaptingB.formingC .repairingD. testing9.A.analogousB.essentialC. suitableD. sensitivelO.A.justB.everC. stillD.even11 .A.restrictionB. experimentC .perspectiveD. demand12.A.attachingB .reducingC .retu

9、rningD.exposing13.A.HoweverB .MoreoverC. ThereforeD. Otherwise14.A.temporarilyB.literallyC. superficiallyD.imaginarily15.A.listB.levelC. labelD.local16.A.recalledB. agreedC. questionedD.added17.A.chancesB .risksC. excusesD.assumptions18.A. dangerB.failureC .warningD. control19.A.representsB. include

10、sC .revealsD.recognizes2O.A.humbleB.poorC .practicalD.easySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read die following fbur texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D, Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1People often complain that plastics are to

11、o durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and dont break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and frizzle.They weep out additives. They melt into sludge. All of

12、 which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation stills from Disney films, the first artificial heart.Certain artifacts are e

13、specially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didnt always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands. Its like baking a cake: If you dont have ex

14、act amounts, it goes wrong,55 she says. The object you make is already a time bomb/5And sometimes, ifs not the artisfs fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Piero Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful fbam pieces. Those pieces included small beds of roses and other items as well as

15、a few dozen nature carpets -large rectangles decorated with fbam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpets -which meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately, the polyurethane fbam he used is inherently unstable. Its especially vulnerable to light damage, an

16、d by the mid-1990s, Gilardis pumpkins, roses, and other figures were splitting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark. So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardi5s sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating chemicals. Van Oosten calls those

17、 chemicals sunscreens because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oosten 5s, preservation of plastics will like

18、ly get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common. And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Feneira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOVA School of Science and Technolo

19、gy, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human history - Stone Age, Iron Age, and so on - after examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve . will have a strong impact on how

20、 in the future well be seen.21.According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in .Amaintaining their plastic itemsBobtaining durable plastic artifactsChandling outdated plastic exhibitsDclassifying their plastic collections22.Van Oosten believes that certain plastic objects are .Aimmu

21、ne to decayBimproperly shapedCinherently flawedDcomplex in structure23.Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardis artworks to .Akeep them from hurting visitorsBduplicate them for future displayChave their ingredients analyzedDprevent them from further damage24.The author thinks that preservation of

22、 plastics is .AcostlyBunworthyCunpopularDchallenging25.In Feneiras opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts .Awill inspire future scientific researchBhas profound historical significanceCwill help us separate the material agesDhas an impact on todays cultural lifeText 2As the latest crop of studen

23、ts pen their undergraduate applications and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Gen Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.Millennials were told that 迁 you did well in school

24、, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. Today, 28 per cent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles; a percentage which is doubl

25、e the average amongst the OECD.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but, rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.Thankfully, there are signs that this is al

26、ready happening, with Gen Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduate

27、s. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists, it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent m

28、ore than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.It is unlikely that Gen Z will be done with education at 18 or 21; they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay agile, relevant and employable. It has been estimated that this genera

29、tion due to the pressures of technology, the wish fbr personal fulfilment and desire fbr diversity will work fbr 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Zs care

30、er trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense: I am a geographer or 4T am a ciassist. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing; ifs as if they already know that their degree wont define them in the same way.26.The author suggests that Gen

31、eration Z should .Abe careful in choosing a collegeBbe diligent at each educational stageCreassess the necessity of college educationDpostpone their undergraduate application27.The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect .AMillennials opinions about workBthe shrinking value of a degreeCpublic discontent with educationDthe desired route of social mobility28.The author considers it a good sign that .AGeneration Z are seeking to earn a decent degreeBschool leavers are willing to be skilled workersCemployers are taking a realistic attitude to degreeD