英语动词过去式过去分词现在分词第三人称单数.docx
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英语动词过去式过去分词现在分词第三人称单数
英语动词过去式、过去分词、现在分词、第三人称单数
◆动词的基本形式复习
一、be动词:
.表示“是;在”(状态;存在)。
be动词与主语的搭配关系
单数
复数
一
二
三
一
二
三
我
你
他她它
我们
你们
他们
主格
I
you
hesheit
we
you
they
一般现在时
am
are
is
are
一般过去时
was
were
was
were
完成时
been
进行时
being
二、行为动词:
表示具体动作或抽象动作。
(一)动词的过去式和过去分词
1.行为动词的过去式没有人称、数的变化;而be动词的过去式有变化,如上表所示。
2.动词的过去式用于一般过去时;
规则
动词
原形
过去式
或过去分词
及词尾读音
单词含义
(1)在动词原形后加-ed。
ask
call
play
plant
need
asked[t]
called[d]
played[d]
planted[id]
needed[id]
v.问;要求;请求
v.呼叫;拜访;召集/n.电话;呼叫;要求;访问
v.游戏;扮演;演奏;播放/n.游戏;剧本
v.种植;栽培/n.工厂;植物;
v.需要/n.需要;必要之物
(2)结尾是e的动词加-d。
hope
arrive
use
waste
hoped[t]
arrived[d]
used[d]
wasted[id]
v.希望;期待/n.希望;信心
v.到达;达成
v.使用;利用;运用/n.使用;用途
v/n..浪费;消耗
(3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词(X除外),先双写此辅音字母,再加-ed。
stop
beg
plan
permit
stopped[t]
begged[d]
planned[d]
permitted[id]
v.停止;中断/n.停止;车站
v.乞讨;恳求
v.计划;打算/n.计划;方案;平面图
v.许可;允许/n.许可证(licence);执照
(4)结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,改y为i,再加-ed。
study
carry
studied[d]
carried[d]
v/n.学习;研究;攻读
v.拿;拎;扛;携带;搬运;运载
(5)重读r音节结尾的动词,先双写r再加-ed。
refer
prefer
referred
preferred
v.参考;涉及;提到;查阅;使…求助于
v.更喜欢;宁愿
以上读音如下:
清辅音后读[t],如:
work-worked[wɜːkt]stop-stopped[stɔpt]
浊辅音和元音后读[d],如:
raise-raised[reɪzd]play-played[pleid]
在[t][d]后读[id],如:
hand-handed['hændɪd]want-wanted['wɔntɪd]
改y为i,再加-ed,读[d],如:
study-studied['stʌdɪd]try-tried[traid](注:
而y之前读什么,i就读什么)
过去分词用于完成时,有现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等等。
3.规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样的。
其变化规则如下:
4.下表为八年级第一学期需要掌握的不规则变化动词。
(该表俗称“动词三态”:
原形、过去式、过去分词)
时态
形式
原形
过去式
过去分词
原形单词含义
AAA型
(三态皆同)
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
set
shut
spread
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
set
shut
spread
cost
cut
hit
hurt
let
put
read
set
shut
spread
v.值/n.成本
v.切割;削减/n.切口;削减
v./n.打击
v.使受伤;感到疼痛/n.痛苦
v.允许,让
v.放
v.阅读
v.树立;点燃/n.一套;装置
v.关闭;停止营业
v.传播;散布;伸展
AAB型
(原形和过去式相同)
beat
beat
beaten
v.(心脏等)跳动;拍打;打(败)/n.节拍;一击
ABB型
(过去式及过去分词相同)
bend
bring
build
burn
buy
catch
deal
dig
feed
sleep
feel
fight
find
get
hang
have
hear
hold
keep
kneel
lay(下蛋;摆放)
lead
lean
learn
leave
light
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
say
sell
send
shine
shoot
smell
sit
speed
spell
spend
spin
stand
stick
sweep
swing
teach
tell
think
understand
win
bent
brought
built
burnt/burned
bought
caught
dealt
dug
fed
slept
felt
fought
found(创立,创办)
got
hung/hanged
had
heard
held
kept
knelt/kneeled
laid
led
leaned/leant
learnt/learned
left
lit
lost
made
meant
met
paid
said
sold
sent
shone/shined
shot
smelled/smelt
sat
speeded/sped
spelt/spelled
spent
spun
stood
stuck
swept
swung
taught
told
thought
understood
won
bent
brought
built
burnt/burned
bought
caught
dealt
dug
fed
slept
felt
fought
found
got
hung/hanged
had
heard
held
kept
knelt/kneeled
laid
led
leaned/leant
learnt/learned
left
lit
lost
made
meant
met
paid
said
sold
sent
shone/shined
shot
smelled/smelt
sat
speeded/sped
spelt/spelled
spent
spun
stood
stuck
swept
swung
taught
told
thought
understood
won
v.使弯曲
v.带来;促使;引起
v.建立;建筑;建造
v.燃烧;灼伤/n.灼伤;烙印
v.购买
v.赶上;抓住;感染
v.处理;做生意/n.交易;份量
v.挖;掘
v.喂养;供给/n.饲料;饲养
v.睡觉/n.睡眠
v/n.感觉;触摸
v/n..打(吵)架;与…斗争
v.发现;找到【found(规则变化)】
v.得到;受到(惩罚等);到达
v.悬挂(hung);绞死(hanged)
v.具有;取得
v.听到;听见
v.拿住;保持不变
v.保持;保留;阻止
v.跪;下跪
v.下蛋;摆放;躺或位于的过去式
v.领导;指挥;导致
v.(使)倾斜;依赖
v.学习;得知;记住
v.离开;遗弃;/n.准假;假期
v.使发光;点燃/n.(日)光;灯
v.遗失;使迷路;失败;受损失
v.做;制造;制定;使成为
v.意味着;用意;/n.平均数
v.遇见;满足
v.支付;偿还/n.薪水;付款
v.说;讲;表明;例如
v/n.销售;出卖
v.发送;派遣;发射;寄信
v.照耀(shone);擦亮(shined)/n.光泽
v.射击;枪杀/n.发射;嫩芽
v.嗅;闻;发出…的气味/n.臭味
v.坐
v.急行;加速/n.速度
v.拼写/n.符咒
v.花费;消耗;度过
v.纺纱;吐(丝);旋转;眩晕
v.站立/n.立场
v.粘贴;刺;伸出/n.棍棒;枝条
v.扫除;掸去/n.打扫;扫荡
v(使)摇摆;悬挂/n.摆动;秋千
v.教;当老师
v.告诉;讲述;辨别
v.想;思索;认为
v.理解;懂;领会
v.赢得;在…中获胜/n.赢;胜利
发。
become
come
overcome
run
became
came
overcame
ran
become
come
overcome
run
v.变为;成为;变得
v.来;到达;变为
v.克服;胜过
v/n.奔跑;经营;运转
ABC型
(原形,过去式,过去分词皆不同)
bear
begin
bite
blow
break
choose
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
fall
fly
forget
freeze
give
go
grow
hide
know
lie(躺;位于)
ride
ring
rise
see
sew
shake
show
sing
sink
speak
spring
steal
swim
take
tear
throw
wake
wear
write
bore
began
bit
blew
broke
chose
did
drew
drank
drove
ate
fell(vt弄倒;规则变)
flew
forgot
froze
gave
went
grew
hid
knew
lay(下蛋;摆放)
rode
rang
rose
saw
sewed
shook
showed
sang
sank
spoke
sprang
stole
swam
took
tore
threw
woke
wore
wrote
born/borne
begun
bitten
blown
broken
chosen
done
drawn
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
flown
forgotten
frozen
given
gone
grown
hidden
known
lain
ridden
rung
risen
seen
sewn/sewed
shaken
shown/showed
sung
sunk
spoken
sprung
stolen
swum
taken
torn
thrown
woken
worn
written
v.承受;结果实,生育/n.熊
v.开始;首先
v/n.咬;叮;刺痛
v/n.(风)吹;打击
v.打破;折断/n.破裂;间断
v.选择;挑选;
v.做;进行/aux.(无含义)
v.绘画;拖;招致/n.平局;抽奖
v.喝;饮;喝酒/n.酒;饮料
v.开车;猛击;推动/n.干劲
v.吃;喝(汤);腐蚀
v.跌倒;下