Chicago Manual and MLA and APA.docx

Chicago Manual and MLA and APA.docx

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ChicagoManualandMLAandAPA

ChicagoManual

Bookwithoneauthor

CMoS

Author'slastname,FirstnameandInitial.Titleitalics.Publicationlocation:

Publishingcompany,Year.

example:

Townsend,Robert.TheMedievalVillageEconomy.Princeton:

Princeton

UniversityPress,1993.

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Bookwithaneditor

CMoS

Editor'slastname,FirstnameandInitial,ed.Titleitalics.Publicationlocation:

Publishingcompany,Year.

example:

Mcrae,MurdoWilliam,ed.TheLiteratureofScience:

PerspectivesonPopular

ScienceWriting.Athens:

UniversityofGeorgiaPress,1993.

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Journalarticle-oneauthor

CMoS

Author'slastname,FirstnameandInitial."TitleoftheArticle."JournalTitle

italicsVolumenumber（Year）:

pagenumbers.

example:

Yeh,Michelle."The'CultofPoetry'inContemporaryChina."Journalof

AsianStudies55（1996）:

51-80.

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Journalarticle-3authors

CMoS

Author'slastname,Firstname,Author'sFirstnameandLastname,and

Author'sFirstnameandLastname."TitleoftheArticle."Journal

TitleitalicsVolumenumber,no.issuenumber（Monthorseason

（ifgiven）Year）:

pagenumbers.

example:

White,Sabina,AndrewWinzelberg,andJamesNorlin."LaughterandStress."

Humor5,no.3（1992）:

343-55.

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Newspaperarticle

CMoS

Author'slastname,Firstname."Titleofthearticle."NewspaperTitleitalics

（city,ifapplicable）monthdayyear,editionifapplicable.URL（if

consultedonline）

example:

Greiner,Lynn."Wristsonfire?

Techgearforwhatailsyou."Globeand

Mail（Toronto）January27,2011.

NotethataccordingtotheChicagoManualofStyle,citationstoitemsindailynewspapersaremorecommonlymadeinthetext,andneednotbementionedinthereferencelist.

example:

Inthearticleentitled"Wristsonfire?

Techgearforwhatailsyou,"publishedintheGlobeandMail,January27,2011,LynnGreinernotedthat...

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Onlinearticle

CMoS

Author'slastname,FirstnameandInitial."Articletitle."Article'soriginal

sourcepublicationdate:

pagenumbers.Accessdate（ifrequired）.

DOI（DigitalObjectIdentifier,ifpresent）orURL.

examples:

Arnott,Gareth,andRobertW.Elwood.“Assessmentoffightingabilityin

animalcontests.”AnimalBehaviour77,no.5（2009）:

991-1004.

AccessedMarch21,2011.doi:

10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.02.010.

Bonner,W.Nigel.“EnvironmentalassessmentintheAntarctic.”Ambio18,

no.1（1989）:

83-39.http:

//www.jstor.org/stable/4313530

Daley,Beth.“ATaleofaWhale:

Scientists,MuseumareEagertoStudy,

DisplayRareCreature.”BostonGlobe,June11,2002,thirdedition.

NewsBankAccessWorldNews（0206110256）.

Zimmer,Carl.“DNAStudiesSuggestEmperorIsMostAncientofPenguins.”

NewYorkTimes,October11,2005,lateedition.LexisNexisAcademic.

Notethatitisalwaysnecessarytocitetheoriginalsourceofanarticleevenifthearticlewasretrievedfromanon-linedatabaseorothersuchelectronicsource.

DOIispreferred,butifnotavailable,usetheshortest,moststableformoftheURL.Forlibrarydatabases,ifnoDOIorpersistentURLisavailable,includethenameofthedatabaseand,inparentheses,anyidentificationnumberprovided,ifpresent.（CMoS16,p.763）

Chicagostyledoesnotrequireincludinganaccessdate.However,ifyourprofessororpublisherasksforthis,includeitafterthejournalinformationorpublicationdate,forexample,"AccessedJuly8,2010."

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Lecture

CMoS

Author'slastname,FirstnameandInitial（ifgiven）."Titleofthelecture."The

meetingtitle.Thesponsoringorganization（ifgiven）.Location.MonthDayYear.

example:

Atwood,Margaret."SilencingtheScream."BoundariesoftheImagination

Forum,MLAConvention.RoyalYorkHotel.Toronto.December29,1993.

Notethatifalectureisunpublishedandwon'tbepublished,itisnecessarytoonlycitethelectureinthetext.

example:

DuringaclasslectureonDecember12,1998,Dr.L.Scottnotedthat...

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Interview

CMoS

Iftheinterviewispublishedand/orbroadcast:

Interviewee'slastname,FirstnameandInitial."Titleoftheinterview"（if

given）.Interview（ifuntitled）withinterviewer'sname.Radio,TV

program,orJournaltitle.Programproducers（ifpertinent）.

Month,Day,Year,edition（ifradio,TV,orperiodical）.Publication

location:

Publishingcompany,year（ifgiven）.Pagenumbers

（ifgiven）.

example:

Gordimer,Nadine.Interview.NewYorkTimes,lateed.,October10,1991.

example:

Lansbury,Angela.Interview.Off-Camera:

ConversationswiththeMakersof

Prime-TimeTelevision,eds.RichardLevinsonandWilliamLink,NewYork:

Plume-NAL,1986.82-86.

Iftheinterviewisunpublishedand/orunbroadcast:

Interviewee'slastname,Firstname.Interviewbyinterviewer'sfirstandlast

name.Interviewformat.Location,monthday,year.Locationofthe

transcriptifapplicable.

example:

Roemer,MerleA.Interviewbyauthor.Taperecording.Millington,MD.,

July26,1973.

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Website

CMoS

Author'sLastName,FirstName."Titleofthewebsite."Monthday,Yearof

Publication.URL.

example:

Kehoe,BrendanP."ZenandtheArtoftheInternet."January1992,

http:

//freenet.buffalo.edu/~popmusic/zen10.txt.

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E-mail

CMoS

Author'slastname,firstname.E-mailtorecipient'sfirstandlastname,month

day,year.

example:

Danford,Tom.E-mailtoTerryCraig,September13,1993.

NotethataccordingtotheChicagoManualofStyle,e-mailisregardedaspersonalcommunication,andthereforeultimatelyneedsonlytobecitedinthetext.

example:

Inane-mailmemotoTerryCraigonthe13thofSeptember,1993,TomDanfordstatethat...

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ArtWorks

CMoS

Worksofartreproducedinaprintedsource（treatasbookchapter）

Artist’slastname,firstname."Titleofartwork,"medium,dateofartwork

（Institutionwhereartworkishoused（ifknown）,citywherehousedif

notalreadynamed）.InTitleofprintedsourceitalicized,byAuthorof

printedsource,pageorplate/figure/slidenumber.Placeofpublication:

publisher,date.

example:

Cassatt,Mary."MotherandChild,"oiloncanvas,c.1890（WichitaArt

Museum）.InAmericanPainting:

1560-1913,byJohnPearce,

slide22.NewYork:

McGraw,1964.

Worksofartreproducedinelectronicsource

Artist’slastname,firstname.Titleofartwork,medium,dateofartwork

（Institutionwhereartworkishoused（ifknown）,citywherehousedif

notalreadynamed）.URL.

example:

Monet,Claude.MeadowwithHaystacksatGiverny,oiloncanvas,1885

（MuseumofFineArts,Boston）.http:

//www.artstor.org.

Notethatitisoptionaltogivethedateoftheartwork.

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MoreInformation&Examples

CMoS

Herearesummariesofchangesandaquickguidefromthepublisher'swebsite:

What'snewinthe16thEdition

SignificantRuleChangesinthe16thEdition

Chicago-StyleCitationQuickGuide

ResearchandDocumentationonline:

History（DianaHacker）-givesexamplesforin-textnotesandbibliographyentries,alongwithasamplepaperinChicagostyle.Includesexamplesformanyothertypesofmaterialbesidesthoseshownabove.Alsoincludesguidelinesonformattingapaper.

ChicagoManualofStyle-fromPurdue'sOnlineWritingLab（OWL）,thisguideincludesexamplesusingthenotes-bibliographyformat.Basedonthenew16thedition.

ChicagoManualofStyleNotes-BibliographySystemStyleGuide

ChicagoManualofStyleAuthor-DateSystemStyleGuide

FromOhioStateUniversity.Theseguidesincludeexamplesusingboththefootnotes-bibliographystyle（recommendedinthearts,literatureandhistory）,andthebibliographyandin-textauthor-datestylecitations（recommendedinthesciences）.Basedonthenew16thedition.

TurabianGuides

TurabianQuickGuide-givesexamplesfortwobasicdocumentationsystems,notes-bibliographystyleandparentheticalcitations–referenceliststyle.Fromthepublisher'swebsite.

TurabianCitationGuide（basedonChicagoStyle）-usesthenewerparentheticalreference/referenceliststyle.FromConcordiaUniversity,Montreal.

TurabianStyleGuide（baseduponChicagoStyle）-createdbyUniversityofSouthernMississippi.

In-textCitation

Chicago:

Author/DateStyle

Documentation2,alsocalledtheAuthor-Datestyle,requirestheuseofparentheticalreferencesinthetextoftheessayaswellasalistofReferences.

Parentheticalreferencesshouldbeplacedattheendofthesentence,beforetheperiod,whenaresourcehasbeenused.Ifthesentenceiseitherlongenoughorcomplexenoughsothatthecitedportionofthesentenceisnotobvious,theparentheticalreferencemayinsteadbeinsertedimmediatelyaftertheuseofinformationfromthesource.Pagenumbersshouldbeincludedwheneverpossible.

GeneralForm:

（AuthorLastNameYearofPublication,Page#）

Example:

（Smith1992,142）

Thefollowingexamplesillustrateparentheticalreferenceformatsforworkswithmorethanoneauthor.

（SmithandJohnson1998,14）

（Smith,Johnson,andWhite2001,42）

（Smithetal.1998,203）

（NationalAllianceforSocialConsideration1932,11）

Whenorganizationsorcorporateauthorsaretheauthorofatext,thenameoftheorganizationmaybeshortenedtoitsmostbasictitle.Abbreviationsfortheorganizationarenotencouraged.

IntheChicagostyle,dailynewspapersarerarelyincludedinalistofReferences.Instead,attributionmaybegiventoinformationfromadailynewspaperinaparentheticalreference.

GeneralForm:

（NewspaperName,DayMonthYearofPublication,SectionandPage#）

Examples:

（SanAntonioExpress-News,2June2005,B2）

（NewYorkTimes,2June2005,A2）

（DurantDailyDemocrat,2June2005,3）

TheChicagostyleguidedoesnotofferex