模拟试题01.docx

模拟试题01.docx

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模拟试题01

模拟试题一

“Everythingthatcanbeinventedhasbeeninvented.”1thesesweepingwords,theCommissioneroftheU.S.OfficeofPatentsrecommendedin1899thathisofficebe2.Sospectacularhadbeenthe3ofinnovationinthelate19thcentury.Historyis4withsuchfoolishpredictionsabouttechnology.Thelessonisthat5analysisoftheeconomicconsequencesofthecurrentburstofinnovationininformationtechnologyshouldproceedwith6.Atoneend,theInternet’sboostershave7proclaimeditasthegreatestinventionsincethewheel,transformingtheworldsoradically8theoldeconomicstextbooksneedtearingup.9,skepticssaythatcomputersandtheInternetarenot10asimportantassteampower,thetelegraphorelectricity.Intheirview,IT11“insignificanttoy”,andwhenthetechnologybubblebursts,itseconomicbenefitwill12tobenogreaterthanthatofthe17th-centurytulipbubble.

Thefirstprogrammableelectroniccomputer,withamemoryof20words,was13in1964,buttheITrevolutiondidnotreallystart14thespreadofmainframecomputersinthelate1960sandtheinventionofmicroprocessorin1971.The15oftechnologicaladvancesincethenhasbeenpopularlysummedupbyMoore’sLaw.GordonMoore,theco-founderofIntel,16in1965thattheprocessingpowerofasiliconchipwoulddoubleevery18months.And17ithas,resultinginanenormousincreaseincomputerprocessingcapacityandasharp18incosts.ScientistsreckonthatMoore’sLawstillhas19anotherdecadetorun.By2010atypicalcomputeris20tohavetentimestheprocessingpowerofacomputerin1975,atalowercost.

1.［A］As［B］With［C］Of［D］For

2.［A］abolished［B］cancelled［C］disposed［D］extinguished

3.［A］overflow［B］flood［C］wave［D］splash

4.［A］dirtied［B］messed［C］scattered［D］littered

5.［A］some［B］much［C］any［D］each

6.［A］care［B］courage［C］risk［D］determination

7.［A］cautiously［B］boldly［C］aggressively［D］justly

8.［A］provided［B］though［C］hence［D］that

9.［A］Asamatteroffact［B］Attheotherextreme

［C］Forthisreason［D］Despiteallthis

10.［A］distantly［B］broadly［C］remotely［D］widely

11.［A］takeafter［B］abideby［C］agreewith［D］standfor

12.［A］stepup［B］holdon［C］setout［D］turnout

13.［A］formed［B］built［C］modeled［D］copied

14.［A］before［B］until［C］since［D］from

15.［A］pace［B］origin［C］scope［D］impact

16.［A］concluded［B］remembered［C］forecast［D］argued

17.［A］so［B］such［C］thus［D］still

18.［A］descent［B］decline［C］deterioration［D］depression

19.［A］atworst［B］atmost［C］atleast［D］atbest

20.［A］surely［B］possibly［C］certainly［D］likely

Text1

Classinformedeverythingfromthecircumstancesofpatients’heartattackstotheemergencycareeachreceived,thehouseholdstheyreturnedtoandthejobstheyhopedtoresume.Itshapedtheirunderstandingoftheirillness,thesupporttheygotfromtheirfamilies,theirrelationshipswiththeirdoctors.Ithelpeddefinetheirabilitytochangetheirlivesandshapedtheiroddsofgettingbetter.

ClassisapotentforceinhealthandlongevityintheUnitedStates.Themoreeducationandincomepeoplehave,thelesslikelytheyaretohaveanddieofheartdisease,strokes,diabetesandmanytypesofcancer.Upper-middle-classAmericanslivelongerandinbetterhealththanmiddle-classAmericans,wholivelongerandbetterthanthoseatthebottom.Andthegapsarewidening,saypeoplewhohaveresearchedsocialfactorsinhealth.

AsadvancesinmedicineanddiseasepreventionhaveincreasedlifeexpectancyintheUnitedStates,thebenefitshavedisproportionatelygonetopeoplewitheducation,money,goodjobsandconnections.Theyarealmostinvariablyinthebestpositiontolearnnewinformationearly,modifytheirbehavior,takeadvantageofthelatesttreatmentsandhavethecostcoveredbyinsurance.

Manyriskfactorsforchronicdiseasesarenowmorecommonamongthelesseducatedthanthebettereducated.Smokinghasdroppedsharplyamongthebettereducated,butnotamongtheless.Physicalinactivityismorethantwiceascommonamonghighschooldropoutsasamongcollegegraduates.Lower-incomewomenaremorelikelythanotherwomentobeoverweight,thoughthepatternamongmenmaybetheopposite.

Theremayalsobesubtlerdifferences.Someresearchersnowbelievethatthestressinvolvedinso-calledhigh-demand,low-controljobsfurtherdowntheoccupationalscaleismoreharmfulthanthestressofprofessionaljobsthatcomewithgreaterautonomyandcontrol.Othersarestudyingthehealthimpactofjobinsecurity,lackofsupportonthejob,andemploymentthatmakesitdifficulttobalanceworkandfamilyobligations.

Thenthereistheissueofsocialnetworksandsupport,thedifferencesintheknowledge,timeandattentionthataperson’sfamilyandfriendsareinapositiontooffer.Whatistheeffectofsocialisolation?

Neighborhooddifferenceshavealsobeenstudied:

Howstressfulisaneighborhood?

Aretheresafeplacestoexercise?

Whatarethehealtheffectsofdiscrimination?

“Inthelast20years,therehavebeenenormousadvancesinrescuingpatientswithheartattackandinknowledgeabouthowtopreventheartattack,”saidIchiroKawachi,aprofessorofsocialepidemiologyattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth.“It’slikediffusionofinnovation:

wheneverinnovationcomesalong,thewell-to-doaremuchquickeratadoptingit.Onthelowerend,variousdisadvantageshavepiledontothepoor.Diethasgottenworse.There’salotmoreworkstress.Peoplehavelesstime,ifthey’repoor,todevotetohealthmaintenancebehaviorswhentheyarejugglingtwojobs.Moralityratesevenamongthepoorarecomingdown,buttherateisnotanywherenearasfastasforthewell-to-do.Sothegaphasincreased.”

21.Whichofthefollowingisprobablynotclass-determined?

［A］Thequalityofhealthcareonereceives.

［B］Knowledgeofillnessonehas.

［C］Theoddsonegivesthedoctoragoodimpression.

［D］Therelationshiponeestablisheswiththefamily.

22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

［A］Itiseasierforthepeopleatthebottomtogetchronicdiseases.

［B］Healthsteadilyworsensasonedescendsthesocialladder.

［C］Thelesseducatedcannottakeadvantageofmedicaladvances.

［D］Chronicdiseasesareoftenassociatedwithpeople’sunhealthylifestyle.

23.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

［A］HealthinequalitiessituationwithinAmericaappearstobeimproving.

［B］Therearehighcorrelationsbetweeneducationandearningpower.

［C］Jobswithhighcontrolandsocialsupportposeasmallerthreattothehealth.

［D］Theriskofillhealthisgreatestamongpeoplebeingdiscriminatedagainst.

24.Thegapbetweentherichandpoor_____.

［A］isrevealedalsoinmoralityrate

［B］growsatthesamepaceastherateofinnovation

［C］isnotyetobviousintheUnitedStates

［D］shrinkswiththeadvancesinmedicine

25.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

［A］greatprogressAmericahasmadeinmedicine

［B］Americans’concernabouthealth

［C］factorsaffectingpeople’shealth

［D］thewideninghealthgapbetweendifferentclasses

Text2

IslamicterrorismmaybeadistantthreatforShearerLumberProducts,atimbercompanybasedinIdaho.Buteco-terrorismisaveryrealone.InNovember,theEarthLiberationFront（ELF）,anundergroundorganization,gavewarningthatithad“spiked”treesintheNezPercenationalforesttoprotestagainstlogging.Spikinginvolveshidingmetalbarsintreetrunks,therebypotentiallycripplingchainsawsandhurtingpeople.Moresuchattacksareexpected.HowdotheyfitintoAmerica’swaronterrorism?

Thenation’sforestshaveseenasharpincreaseinviolentincidents—equipmentvandalized,peopleintimidated—overthepasttenyears.Shearernowcarefullyinspectseverytreebeforecuttingandhasbeenusingmetaldetectorstocheckeverytrunkbeingprocessed.YetIhorMereszczak,oftheNezPerceForestService,saysithasbeenhardtogettheFBI’sattention,andinvestigationshavegotnowhere.

TheELFisonlyonethreadinawebofundergroundradicalenvironmentalists.Itsaimistoinflictasmuchfinancialpainaspossibleonorganizationsorpeoplewho,byitslights,areexploitingtheenvironment.TheELF,thoughmadeupofanonymouscells,nonethelessoperatesawebsiteofferingtipsonhowtocausefireswithelectrictimers.Untilrecently,italsohadapublicspokesman.

TogetherwiththeAnimalLiberationFront（ALF）,whichoperatesalongthesamelines,theELFisestimatedtoberesponsibleforover$45m-worthofdamageinNorthAmericaoverthepastfewyears.In1998,itcausedfiresthatdid$12m-worthofdamageinVail,Colorado,tomakethepointthattheskiresort’sexpansionwasthreateningplaceswherelynxeslive.Earlierthisyear,theELFburneddowntheofficesofalumbercompanyinOregon.SinceSeptember11th,theALFandELFhaveclaimedresponsibilityforstartingafireataprimateresearchcenterinNewMexico,releasingminkfromanIowafurfarm,andfirebombingafederalcorralforwildhorsesinCalifornia.

Aretheyterrorists?

Thetwogroupsrejectthelabel,claimingtotakeallprecautionsagainstharming“animals,whetherhumansornot”.ButearlierthisyearLouisFreeh,theFBI’sboss,listedbothorganizationsamongthemostactivedomesticterroristgroups.ScottMcInnis,theRepublicancongressmanwhosedistrictincludesVail,arguesitisonlyamatteroftimebeforesomebodygetshurt,andhenowexpectstheFBItoputinmoreresources.

TheHousesubcommitteeonforests,whichMrMcInnisheads,willholdahearingoneco-terrorisminFeb