美国反舞弊性财务报告委员会发起组织的报告外文翻译.docx

美国反舞弊性财务报告委员会发起组织的报告外文翻译.docx

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美国反舞弊性财务报告委员会发起组织的报告外文翻译

本科毕业论文（设计）

外文翻译

外文题目Committeeofsponsoringorganizations

ofthetreadwayCommission

外文出处Enterpriseriskmanagement

外文作者Committeeofsponsoringorganizations原文：

Committeeofsponsoringorganizationsofthetreadwaycommission

Organizationaloverview

COSOwasformedin1985tosponsortheNationalCommissiononFraudulentFinancialReporting（theTreadwayCommission）.TheTreadwayCommissionwasoriginallyjointlysponsoredandfundedbyfivemainprofessionalaccountingassociationsandinstitutesheadquarteredintheUnitedStates:

theAmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants（AICPA）,AmericanAccountingAssociation（AAA）,FinancialExecutivesInternational（FEI）,InstituteofInternalAuditors（IIA）andtheInstituteofManagementAccountants（IMA）.TheTreadwayCommissionrecommendedthattheorganizationssponsoringtheCommissionworktogethertodevelopintegratedguidanceoninternalcontrol.ThesefiveorganizationsformedwhatisnowcalledtheCommitteeofSponsoringOrganizationsoftheTreadwayCommission.

TheoriginalchairmanoftheTreadwayCommissionwasJamesC.Treadway,Jr.,ExecutiveVicePresidentandGeneralCounsel,PaineWebberIncorporatedandaformerCommissioneroftheU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommission.Hence,thepopularname"TreadwayCommission".Currently,DavidL.LandsittelreplacedLarryE.RittenbergastheCOSOChairman.

History

Duetoquestionablecorporatepoliticalcampaignfinancepracticesandforeigncorruptpracticesinthemid-1970s,theU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommission（SEC）andtheU.S.Congressenactedcampaignfinancelawreformsandthe1977ForeignCorruptPracticesAct（FCPA）whichcriminalizedtransnationalbriberyandrequiredcompaniestoimplementinternalcontrolprograms.Inresponse,theTreadwayCommission,aprivate-sectorinitiative,wasformedin1985toinspect,analyze,andmakerecommendationsonfraudulentcorporatefinancialreporting.

TheTreadwayCommissionstudiedthefinancialinformationreportingsystemovertheperiodfromOctober1985toSeptember1987andissuedareportoffindingsandrecommendationsinOctober1987titledReportoftheNationalCommissiononFraudulentFinancialReporting.Asaresultofthisinitialreport,theCommitteeofSponsoringOrganizations（COSO）wasformedanditretainedCoopers&Lybrand,amajorCPAfirm,tostudytheissuesandauthorareportregardinganintegratedframeworkofinternalcontrol.

InSeptember1992,thefourvolumereportentitledInternalControl—IntegratedFrameworkwasreleasedbyCOSOandlaterre-publishedwithminoramendmentsin1994.Thisreportpresentedacommondefinitionofinternalcontrolandprovidedaframeworkagainstwhichinternalcontrolsystemsmaybeassessedandimproved.ThisreportisonestandardthatU.S.companiesusetoevaluatetheircompliancewithFCPA.AccordingtoapollbyCFOMagazinereleasedin2006,82%ofrespondentsclaimedtheyusedCOSO’sframeworkforinternalcontrols.OtherframeworksusedbyrespondentsincludedCOBIT,AS2（AuditingStandardNo.2,PCAOB）,andSAS55/78（AICPA）.

Internalcontrol-integratedframework

KeyconceptsoftheCOSOframework

TheCOSOframeworkinvolvesseveralkeyconcepts:

∙Internalcontrolisaprocess.Itisameanstoanend,notanendinitself.

∙Internalcontrolisaffectedbypeople.It’snotmerelypolicy,manuals,andforms,butpeopleateverylevelofanorganization.

∙Internalcontrolcanbeexpectedtoprovideonlyreasonableassurance,notabsoluteassurance,toanentity’smanagementandboard.

∙Internalcontrolisgearedtotheachievementofobjectivesinoneormoreseparatebutoverlappingcategories.

Useofthecapabilitymaturitymodel

ThecapabilitiesofanorganizationinrelationtotheCOSOmodelcouldbeassessedbasedonuniversalstatesorplateausthatorganizationstypicallytarget.Thedescriptionsareincremental.

Thecapabilitydescriptionsarebasedonevolutiontowardgenerallyrecognizedbestpractices.Eachorganizationdetermineswhichlevelof"maturity"wouldbethemostappropriateinsupportofitsbusinessneeds,prioritiesandavailabilityofresources.Aratingsystemof“0”to“5”isused.Aratingof“5”doesnotnecessarilymean“goodness”,butrather,maturityofcapability.Theidealmaturityratingforanyareaisdependentontheneedsoftheorganization.Thedifferentandprogressiveplateausare:

0Non-existentwhen:

Theorganizationlacksprocedurestomonitortheeffectivenessofinternalcontrols.Managementinternalcontrolreportingmethodsareabsent.ThereisageneralunawarenessofIToperationalsecurityandinternalcontrolassurance.Managementandemployeeshaveanoveralllackofawarenessofinternalcontrols.

1Initial/AdHocwhen:

ManagementrecognizestheneedforregularITmanagementandcontrolassurance.Individual