李静论文最终稿打印稿完结版.docx

李静论文最终稿打印稿完结版.docx

《李静论文最终稿打印稿完结版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《李静论文最终稿打印稿完结版.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

李静论文最终稿打印稿完结版

河南科技学院新科学院

2013届本科毕业论文

TheRoleofMetaphorinEnglishEuphemism

隐喻在英语委婉语中的作用

学生姓名：

李静

所在系别：

外国语言文学系

所学专业：

英语

导师姓名：

赵亚丽（助教）

完成时间：

2013年4月

TheRoleofMetaphorinEnglishEuphemism

LiJing

XinkeCollegeofHenanInstituteofScienceandTechnology

April,2013

Contents

Acknowledgmentsi

Abstractii

摘要iii

I.Introduction1

II.OverviewofMetaphor2

2.1LiteratureReviewofMetaphor2

2.2MetaphoricalDevelopmentProcessandItsMeaning3

2.3ClassificationofMetaphor4

III.OverviewofEuphemism7

3.1TheDefinitionandClassificationofEuphemism7

3.2EuphemismConstitution8

IV.MetaphorandEuphemism9

4.1TheEssenceofMetaphorandEuphemism9

4.1.1TheEssenceofMetaphor9

4.1.2TheEssenceofEuphemism10

4.2ThinkingProcessandDevelopmentHistoryofMetaphorTheory10

4.3TheMetaphorFormationMechanismofEuphemism11

4.4TheApplicationofSyntaxMetaphorinEuphemism12

V.TheRoleofMetaphorinEnglishEuphemism14

5.1TheMetaphorEndowstheEuphemismsCreativeExpressionMeaning14

5.2TheMetaphorMakesEuphemismMoreMeaningful16

5.3MetaphorisHelpfultoImproveEnglishEuphemismPresentationSkills

17

VI.Conclusion18

Bibliography19

Acknowledgments

MydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttoProfessorZhaoYali,mysupervisor,forherconstantencouragementandguidance.Shehaswalkedmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthisthesis.Withoutherconsistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform.

Second,mythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Withoutthecomfortofthem,Icouldnothavecompletedthepaperinthebusytime.

Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.

Abstract

Inmodernsocialcommunication,peoplewanttofindanappropriatewayofexpression.Thetwosidesnotonlycansuccessfullycompletethecommunication,butalsotheybothfeelpleasantinthecommunication,thuscompletingtheidealcommunicativetasks.Euphemismistheappropriateexpressiontoachievetheidealcommunicative.However,metaphorineuphemismcannotbeignored.Therefore,inthispaper,wemainlypointoutthedefinitionofmetaphorandeuphemism,aswellasthedevelopmentprocess,realtermsandbothcategories.Byinstructingthethinkingwayofmetaphortheory,creativeinterpretationandspecialeffects,aswellasmetaphorsintheEnglisheuphemism,wediscusstheroleofmetaphorinEnglisheuphemism.

Keywords:

metaphor;euphemism;role;

摘要

在现代社会交际中，人们希望找到一种合适的表达方式，既使双方能够顺利完成交际，又使双方感到此次交际是愉快的，从而完成理想的交际任务，委婉用语就是实现这一理想交际的合适的表达方式。

而隐喻在委婉语中的作用是不可忽视的。

因此，在本文中主要说明了隐喻和委婉语的定义，两者的发展过程，实质和分类。

通过表述隐喻理论的思维方式，创造性释义和特殊的功效，以及介绍隐喻在英语委婉语中的应用，来论述隐喻在英语委婉语中的作用。

关键词：

隐喻;英语委婉语;作用

I.Introduction

Asweallknow,metaphorisarhetoricalmethod,justlikesimile,synecdoche.Theaptmetaphorcanbringunexpectedaestheticeffect.Withmanyschoolsofdivergentviews,theinterpretationofmetaphortheoryisshowingprosperity,butinthefinalanalysis,themostfundamentalandimportantissuesisthatthewayofthinkingandcreativitybothinmetaphorhaveaprofoundimpactonhumanlanguage,knowledgeandexperience.Besides,euphemismisacommonlinguisticphenomenon.Itiswidelyusedinpeople'sdailysocialactivities,andisoneoftheimportantmeansoflanguageinpeople’sinterpersonalcommunication.Sinceeuphemismappeared,ithastheimportanttaskoffunction:

"taboo","courtesy",and"coverup".Peopleusuallyavoidusingthelanguagewhichcausestounhappyrelationswitheachother.Theyoftenusetheeuphemismtoexpresstheirwishes,requestsorsuggestionspolitely.Thisshowsthattheusingofeuphemismscanhelpimprovingthecommunicativeeffectandmaintainingharmoniousinterpersonalrelationships.

Euphemismisa"lubricant"inverbalcommunication.Euphemismexistsinvariouslanguages.EnglisheuphemismhascausedEasternandWesternscholars’widespreadconcern,anditsresearchhasgainedfruitfulresultsathomeandabroad.Butthetraditionaleuphemismismainlyconfinedtothelevelofvocabularystructuresurface.Contemporarylinguisticsmainlyresearchestheeuphemismfromcognitivelinguistics,pragmaticscience,adaptationtheory,sociolinguistics,interculturalcommunication.However,metaphorandeuphemismhaveacloserelationship.Metaphorisacommonmeanstoachieveeuphemismeffect.

Inthispaper,first,describethemetaphor’sdefinition,developmentprocessanditsclassification;second,introduceeuphemism,includingitsdefinition,classificationanditsconstitution;third,introducetheessenceofmetaphorandeuphemism,thinkingprocessanddevelopmenthistoryofmetaphortheory,themetaphorformationmechanismofeuphemism,theapplicationofsyntaxmetaphorineuphemism.Finally,throughtheintroductionoftheabovethreeparts，fromthelinkbetweenthemetaphorandeuphemism,wecanunderstandtheroleofmetaphorinEnglisheuphemism.Themetaphorendowstheeuphemismscreativeexpressionmeaning,andthemetaphoreffectmakeseuphemismmoremeaningful.ItisalsohelpfultoimprovetheunderstandingofEnglisheuphemismandpresentationskills.

II.OverviewofMetaphor

2.1LiteratureReviewofMetaphor

ThemetaphorresearchinWesternshowsamulti-angle,multi-fieldcrossintertwined,andpavilionssituation.TheancientGreekphilosopherAristotleisnotonlyresearchmetaphoricalrhetoric,butalsostudythecognitivefunction,thoughhedosenotexplicitlyraisetheterminologyBale.Sincethe20thcentury,withtherisingofcognitivelinguistics,metaphorrisestothefieldofthinking,hasbeenwidelyrecognizedandattachedgreatimportancewithitscognitivefunctionanditsroleinpromotinghumanthinking.Richardsdiscussesmetaphoricelements,characteristics,andexplorestheCognitiveFunctionofMetaphorfirstly（1936）.Blackcomesupwiththeviewofmetaphorscreatesimilarity,thatissometimesonlyaftermetaphor,somethingnewmayappearinthebrainsofpeopleaboutthebodyandVehiclesSpecialContact（1963）.AmericanlinguistLakoffandJohnsonstressedthat,metaphorsaboundineverydaylife,theconventionalthinkingandactionconceptofthenatureofthesystemisbasedonthemetaphor.Themetaphorisanindispensablecognitivetoolthathumansusedtoorganizetheconceptualsystem,themeanstounderstandthings（1980）.Metaphorbringshumanbeingsanewmethodofobservingtheworldandlookatthingsinanewperspective,awaytothepathofthetruth.Metaphorcancreatenewmeaningandexpressionofnewideas.PeterNewmarkdividesthemetaphorintosixcategories:

deadmetaphor;tritemetaphor;commonmetaphor;metaphorforchange;recentlyformedmetaphorsandnovelmetaphors（1988）.

Inourcountry,metaphorfirstappearsin"TheBookofSongs".TheMozifirstgivesmetaphordefinitionthatitisgivenbytheBsubstancetoknowasubstance.Andmetaphorisbyanalogytohaveaclearunderstandingofamaterial.QinDynastyscholarsresearchonhowtoapplythemetaphortoachievepersuasionandcommunicationpurposes.Sincethe1990s,Chinesescholarshaveresearchedonthemetaphorofthegradualdeepeningofresearchvision,richincontent,achievementsoneafteranother.ShuDingfangexploresthemodernmetaphorscienceresearchgoals,methodsandtasks（1996）.DouDongyouelaboratesanddemonstratesthereasoninganddefaultofmetaphorsandtheirrelationshipisalsoontheelaborationanddemonstration（2005）.Inhisview,thesimilarrelationshipbetweenMetaphorandbodyisthedefaultinmetaphorssentence.Metaphoricalargumentabandonsdifferences,justreapingsimilartogetfromhere.Nomatterhowmanydifferentpointstheydonotmatter,logicalreasoning’ssimilaritypoints.AnXiaojiehighlightsthatmetaphorplaysanimportantroleinthemetaphor,ifMetaphorappliesinappropriatecharacteristicsandpropertiesofthebodyarerenderingandoutstanding（2005）.NieYanarguesthefourfunctionsofthemetaphor:

namelyisopeningupnewwaysofknowingtheworld,expandingthehorizonsofhumanunderstands,strengtheningthedepthofknowledgetocreatenewideas,providingcertificationtorevealtheaffair（2006）.Hebelievesthatthespecificformofmetaphoricalthinkingistheassociationandimagination.Themetaphorisanimportantcognitiveway;thatis,theprojectedimageschemaofthingsBtoAthingsthroughconceptstransformingsemantictransferring,orsemanticmappingtoachievegrasp,ZhengHongrenexploresthemetaphorofspeechinthelanguageofthespecificuseandhepointsmetaphorisarts,andflowersinlanguagearts.

2.2MetaphoricalDevelopmentProcessandItsMeaning

Theword"Metaphor"inEnglishfollowstheGreekmetaphorandtheGreekwordisderivedfromMetameaningas"Overandbeyond"“carriesandloads".Itreferstosomesortofsomethingtransportedfromoneplacetoanotherplace,whichitdescribedisakindofthingofthedynamicprocess.Webster’sNEWWORLDDICTIONARYsays“afigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparison,inwhichawordorphraseordinarilyandprimarilyusedofonethingisappliedtoanother”Traditionalrhetoricmetaphoridentifieditasarhetoricalphenomenon,afterwatchingviewofeachwriters,IbelievethatitisanarrowlyimplicitmetaphorofrhetoricbythevehiclestoItalytransferofmeaningtoconveythetwowordsofsimilarcharacteristics,usuallytwowordsarefromdifferentsemanticdomain."TheappearanceofMetaphorhassubjectiveandobjectivefactors;sub