李静论文最终稿打印稿完结版.docx

1、李静论文最终稿打印稿完结版河南科技学院新科学院2013届本科毕业论文 The Role of Metaphor in English Euphemism隐喻在英语委婉语中的作用学生姓名： 李静 所在系别： 外国语言文学系 所学专业： 英 语 导师姓名： 赵亚丽 (助 教） 完成时间： 2013年4月 The Role of Metaphor in English EuphemismLi JingXinke College of Henan Institute of Science and Technology April, 2013 Contents Acknowledgments i Abs

2、tract ii 摘要 iiiI. Introduction 1II. Overview of Metaphor 22.1 Literature Review of Metaphor 22.2 Metaphorical Development Process and Its Meaning 32.3 Classification of Metaphor 4III. Overview of Euphemism 73.1 The Definition and Classification of Euphemism 73.2 Euphemism Constitution 8IV . Metaphor

3、 and Euphemism 94.1 The Essence of Metaphor and Euphemism 94.1.1 The Essence of Metaphor 94.1.2 The Essence of Euphemism 104.2 Thinking Process and Development History of Metaphor Theory 104.3 The Metaphor Formation Mechanism of Euphemism 114.4 The Application of Syntax Metaphor in Euphemism 12V. Th

4、e Role of Metaphor in English Euphemism 145.1 The Metaphor Endows the Euphemisms Creative Expression Meaning 145.2 The Metaphor Makes Euphemism More Meaningful 165.3 Metaphor is Helpful to Improve English Euphemism Presentation Skills 17VI. Conclusion 18Bibliography 19 Acknowledgments My deepest gra

5、titude goes first and foremost to Professor Zhao Yali, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form. Second,

6、 my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. Without the comfort of them, I could not have completed the paper in the busy time. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their he

7、lp and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.Abstract In modern social communication, people want to find an appropriate way of expression. The two sides not only can successfully complete the communication, but also they both feel plea

8、sant in the communication, thus completing the ideal communicative tasks. Euphemism is the appropriate expression to achieve the ideal communicative. However, metaphor in euphemism can not be ignored. Therefore, in this paper, we mainly point out the definition of metaphor and euphemism, as well as

9、the development process, real terms and both categories. By instructing the thinking way of metaphor theory, creative interpretation and special effects, as well as metaphors in the English euphemism, we discuss the role of metaphor in English euphemism. Key words: metaphor; euphemism; role; 摘 要 在现代

10、社会交际中，人们希望找到一种合适的表达方式，既使双方能够顺利完成交际，又使双方感到此次交际是愉快的，从而完成理想的交际任务，委婉用语就是实现这一理想交际的合适的表达方式。而隐喻在委婉语中的作用是不可忽视的。因此，在本文中主要说明了隐喻和委婉语的定义，两者的发展过程，实质和分类。通过表述隐喻理论的思维方式，创造性释义和特殊的功效，以及介绍隐喻在英语委婉语中的应用，来论述隐喻在英语委婉语中的作用。 关键词：隐喻; 英语委婉语; 作用I. IntroductionAs we all know, metaphor is a rhetorical method, just like simile, sy

11、necdoche. The apt metaphor can bring unexpected aesthetic effect. With many schools of divergent views, the interpretation of metaphor theory is showing prosperity, but in the final analysis, the most fundamental and important issues is that the way of thinking and creativity both in metaphor have a

12、 profound impact on human language, knowledge and experience. Besides, euphemism is a common linguistic phenomenon. It is widely used in peoples daily social activities, and is one of the important means of language in peoples interpersonal communication. Since euphemism appeared, it has the importa

13、nt task of function: taboo, courtesy, and cover up. People usually avoid using the language which causes to unhappy relations with each other. They often use the euphemism to express their wishes, requests or suggestions politely. This shows that the using of euphemisms can help improving the commun

14、icative effect and maintaining harmonious interpersonal relationships. Euphemism is a lubricant in verbal communication. Euphemism exists in various languages. English euphemism has caused Eastern and Western scholars widespread concern, and its research has gained fruitful results at home and abroa

15、d. But the traditional euphemism is mainly confined to the level of vocabulary structure surface. Contemporary linguistics mainly researches the euphemism from cognitive linguistics, pragmatic science, adaptation theory, sociolinguistics, intercultural communication. However, metaphor and euphemism

16、have a close relationship. Metaphor is a common means to achieve euphemism effect. In this paper, first, describe the metaphors definition, development process and its classification; second, introduce euphemism, including its definition, classification and its constitution; third, introduce the ess

17、ence of metaphor and euphemism, thinking process and development history of metaphor theory, the metaphor formation mechanism of euphemism, the application of syntax metaphor in euphemism. Finally, through the introduction of the above three parts，from the link between the metaphor and euphemism, we

18、 can understand the role of metaphor in English euphemism. The metaphor endows the euphemisms creative expression meaning, and the metaphor effect makes euphemism more meaningful. It is also helpful to improve the understanding of English euphemism and presentation skills.II. Overview of Metaphor2.1

19、 Literature Review of MetaphorThe metaphor research in Western shows a multi-angle, multi-field cross intertwined, and pavilions situation. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle is not only research metaphorical rhetoric, but also study the cognitive function, though he dose not explicitly raise t

20、he terminology Bale. Since the 20th century, with the rising of cognitive linguistics, metaphor rises to the field of thinking, has been widely recognized and attached great importance with its cognitive function and its role in promoting human thinking. Richards discusses metaphoric elements, chara

21、cteristics, and explores the Cognitive Function of Metaphor firstly (1936). Black comes up with the view of metaphors create similarity, that is sometimes only after metaphor, something new may appear in the brains of people about the body and Vehicles Special Contact (1963). American linguist Lakof

22、f and Johnson stressed that, metaphors abound in everyday life, the conventional thinking and action concept of the nature of the system is based on the metaphor. The metaphor is an indispensable cognitive tool that humans used to organize the conceptual system, the means to understand things (1980)

23、. Metaphor brings human beings a new method of observing the world and look at things in a new perspective, a way to the path of the truth. Metaphor can create new meaning and expression of new ideas. Peter Newmark divides the metaphor into six categories: dead metaphor; trite metaphor; common metap

24、hor; metaphor for change; recently formed metaphors and novel metaphors (1988).In our country, metaphor first appears in The Book of Songs. The Mozi first gives metaphor definition that it is given by the B substance to know a substance. And metaphor is by analogy to have a clear understanding of a

25、material. Qin Dynasty scholars research on how to apply the metaphor to achieve persuasion and communication purposes. Since the 1990s, Chinese scholars have researched on the metaphor of the gradual deepening of research vision, rich in content, achievements one after another. Shu Dingfang explores

26、 the modern metaphor science research goals, methods and tasks (1996).Dou Dongyou elaborates and demonstrates the reasoning and default of metaphors and their relationship is also on the elaboration and demonstration (2005). In his view, the similar relationship between Metaphor and body is the defa

27、ult in metaphors sentence. Metaphorical argument abandons differences, just reaping similar to get from here. No matter how many different points they do not matter, logical reasonings similarity points. An Xiaojie highlights that metaphor plays an important role in the metaphor, if Metaphor applies

28、 in appropriate characteristics and properties of the body are rendering and outstanding (2005). Nie Yan argues the four functions of the metaphor: namely is opening up new ways of knowing the world, expanding the horizons of human understands, strengthening the depth of knowledge to create new idea

29、s, providing certification to reveal the affair (2006). He believes that the specific form of metaphorical thinking is the association and imagination. The metaphor is an important cognitive way; that is, the projected image schema of things B to A things through concepts transforming semantic trans

30、ferring, or semantic mapping to achieve grasp, Zheng Hongren explores the metaphor of speech in the language of the specific use and he points metaphor is arts, and flowers in language arts.2.2 Metaphorical Development Process and Its MeaningThe word Metaphor in English follows the Greek metaphor an

31、d the Greek word is derived from Meta meaning as Over and beyond “carries and loads . It refers to some sort of something transported from one place to another place, which it described is a kind of thing of the dynamic process. Websters NEW WORLD DICTIONARY says “ a figure of speech containing an i

32、mplied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another” Traditional rhetoric metaphor identified it as a rhetorical phenomenon, after watching view of each writers, I believe that it is a narrowly implicit metaphor of rhetoric by the vehicles to Italy transfer of meaning to convey the two words of similar characteristics, usually two words are from different semantic domain. The appearance of Metaphor has subjective and objective factors; sub