外国文献翻译.docx

外国文献翻译.docx

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外国文献翻译

USINGOFEXTENSIBLEFRAMEWORKFORDISTRIBUTEDCONTROLDESIGN

JiriKoziorek

Abstract:

ThecontributionbringsresultsofageneralframeworkextensiondevelopmentwithfinalaimtoobtainaCASE-liketoolfordistributedcontrolsystemsdesign.ThetoolshouldbesuitableforthesystemswithprogrammablecontrollersandshouldbebasedontheinternationalstandardsIEC61131andIEC61499.ThegeneralframeworkwasdevelopedatDepartmentofMeasurementandControl,VSB-TUOstrava.Thedescribedsystemallowscoveringofmainstepsofdesignprocessfromsystemanalysistoimplementationofcontrolapplication.

Keywords:

Distributedcontrol,Controlsystemdesign,Programmablecontrollers,CASE,Controlsystemanalysis.

1、INTRODUCTION

Alotofthemethodsthatareusedinhardwareandsoftwareengineeringhavecommonsomegeneralfeatures.Theyoftenusegraphicrepresentationofdescribedsystem,graphicdiagramswithindividualnodesconnectedbyoriented（ornotoriented）edges.Theedgesrepresentrelationsbetweentwonodesofthesystem.Thediagramsrepresentgeneralmathematicalstructures-graphsthatcanbeinvestigateusingsometechniquesofgraphtheory.

Thegraphtheoryusesparticularmethodstoexpressthediagram/graphstructureandsolutionofvarioustasksdefinedovergraph.BecausediagramsdescribingparticularHWorSWaspectsofasystemhavealsoparticularsemanticinterpretation,theinterpretationcanbegivenalsototheresultsacquiredbytheappliedgraphtheoreticalmethod.

Whenwehaveageneralkernelthatcoversuniversalfeaturesofthegraphs,theparticulartoolscanbecreatedbythespecializationofcommongeneralkernel-generalframeworkkernel.

Thisideawasfundamentalforcreatingcommondevelopmentbasethatcanbeextendablebyparticularextensions.Suchcommonbase（framework）wasdevelopedatDepartmentofMeasurementandControl,VSB-TUofOstrava,CzechRepublicduringyears2000-2003（CernohorskyandHrudka,2003）.AsthesoftwareenvironmentforitsrealizationwaschosensystemtheBlackBoxComponentBuilder（BBCB）.BBCBhascharacterofaframeworkitselfanditspowerconsistsintheabilitytoprovideabasisfordevelopmentofmorespecialisedframeworksbyself-extending.

Inyear2003wasrealizedfirstextensionofgeneralframeworkkernel（Hrudka,2004）.TheextensionimplementCODARTSnotationtotheframework.CODARTS（ConcurrentDesignApproachforReal-TimeSystems）isbasedonDARTS（DesignApproachforReal-TimeSystems）methodofsoftwaredesign,whichusesRTSAD（Real-TimeStructuredAnalysisandDesign）.Asoftwaresystemisdecomposedbyusingdataandcontrolflowhierarchy.CODARTSusesthismethodologyandappendsfacilitiesforobjectapproachduringthesystemanalysisandmodellingphase.CODARTSalsosupportsthedevelopmentofdistributedsystems.

Thesecond,currentlyrealizedextensionisthemethodologyfordesignofdistributedcontrolsystemwithprogrammablecontrollers.TheextensionconformstointernationalstandardswithscopetoPLCsystemsandshouldcoversystemdesignfromstageofsystemanalysistoimplementationofcontrolapplication.Infollowingtext,moredetailswillbedescribed.

Themethodologyshouldhavefollowingbasiccharacteristics:

-tocoverallstagesofdistributedcontrolapplicationsdesign

-tobesuitableforcontrolapplicationsbasedonprogrammablecontrollers

-theinternationalstandardsIEC61131and61499arebasisforusedmodels

-theprincipleofmethodologyisbasedonstructuredanalysisanddesignapproach。

2、TYPESOFDESIGNMETHODS

Thereisalotofmethodsforanalysisanddesignofthereal-timesystems.Anaimofusingthedesignmethodisfindinganoptimalhardwareandsoftwarearchitectureofthesystemandeventuallypartialorfullimplementationoftheapplicationcode.Generally,therearetwomainapproachestosystemdesign:

-Structuredanalysisanddesign-asubstanceofthemethodisthedesignofamodelwherearedepictedindividualprocessesandtheirinterconnectionsbydataandcontrolflows.Themodelisthenabasisforimplementationofapplicationsoftware.

-Object-orienteddesign-definesastructureofobjectsthatreflectscharacteristicsandperformanceofindividualelementsofarealsystem.

Atthepresent,thegraphicmethodsrealizedatcomputersarefrequentlyused.SuchtoolsarecalledasCASEtools（ComputerAssistedSoftwareEngineering）.Theyprovideagraphicinterfaceformakingsystemanalysisanddesign.

Themethodsbasedonobject-orienteddesignarerecentlyverypopular.ThemostfamousrepresentativeisUML（UnifiedModellingLanguage）.TheUMLiscomplexdesignmethodologycharacterizedespeciallybyconsistenceofviewsthatmakethedesigneasierinallstagesoftheapplicationlife-cycle.TheUMLmethodologyisabasisofseveralCASEtoolsasforexampleRationalRoseofRationalSoftwa