英语单项知识的讲解与练习78.docx
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英语单项知识的讲解与练习78
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(78)
386.acquire的用法
acquire获得、得到、学到(知识等);
例句:
①Weshouldtryto acquire goodhabits.我们应该努力养成良好习惯。
②Hewill acquire therighttopermanentresidencyhere.他将获得这里的永久居留权。
③Wehopeto acquire theknowledgeinthehappiness.我们希望在快乐中获得知识。
④Youmust acquire greatskillsofperception.你必须学会洞察事物的高超技巧。
⑤Weshould acquire morefirsthandinformation.我们应当取得更多的第一手资料。
短语:
acquire(aknowledgeof)English学到英语(知识);one’sacquirements某人的学识;acquirebypurchase 以购买的方式获得;acquirethroughexperience 通过经验获得;acquireatasteforsth 开始喜欢某事物;acquireatitleof 得到…的头衔;acquirebadhabits 养成坏习惯;
用法:
①acquire的基本意思是“得到”,可指“购得”“习得;学到(知识)”“获得(名声,地位或名望)”“患上(疾病);受到(感染)”等,含有“逐渐具有;不断积累;开始学会”等意味。
acquire也可指不正当的“获得”。
②acquire是及物动词,其宾语多为抽象名词,如用实物则显得做作,acquire也可接双宾语。
可用于被动结构。
③acquire是瞬间动词,其现在完成时的肯定式不可与表示延续时间的状语搭配。
④acquire后可接双宾语,表示“使……得到”。
如:
Hischaracteracquiredhimagoodname.
练习:
(1).单项填空:
①Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual___manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.
A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires
②He___hiswishafteralongperiodofhardlabour.
A.obtainedB.earnedC.gainedD.acquired
③Learningaforeignlanguageisaquestionoflearningnewskills,of___newknowledge.
A.gettingB.achievingC.obtainingD.acquiring
④Ifinallymanagedto___acopyofthebook.
A.obtainB.acquireC.winD.attain
(2).用acquire的适当形式填空:
①Imanaged____twoticketsfortheconcert.
②He___agoodreputation(名声)forhonestyinthelastfewyears.
③Therearemanyways___knowledge.
④Thecompany___just____newequipment.
387.advantage的用法
advantage优点、好处。
短语:
gain/have/give/get/winanadvantageover/of胜过、优于;takeadvantageofsomebody/something欺骗某人(趁机利用某物)toone’sadvantage/totheadvantageofsomebody对某人有利;takesomebodyatadvantage乘某人不备;turn…toadvantage使……转为有利;advantagetosomebody对某人有利;
用法:
①advantage的基本意思是“有利条件,优势”,指条件、环境、地位等优于他人或其他事物,而不指物质方面的好处,是可数名词。
常与介词over连用,指“与…相比的长处”;作“优越性”解,其后还可接介词to。
②advantage还可作“利益,益处”解,是不可数名词,其后可接介词from或in。
③advantage偶尔还可用作动词,意思是“使处于有利地位;有利于;有助于”,是及物动词。
例如:
Bostonwasalsoadvantagedwiththeneighbourhoodofthecountry'soldestcollege.波士顿也因附近有本国最古老的学院而得益不少。
④advantage后接的介词of与over可替换,表示相同意思。
如:
Youhavetheadvantageof/overmeinexperience.你比我有经验。
在the advantagesofe-mailovertelegram中注意搭配使用的是over;
练习:
①Inplayingbasketball,YaoMing___others.
A.hasadvantageoverB.hadadvantageover
C.hasanadvantageoverD.hadanadvantageover
②Hisbadhealthisagreat___forhimtogetagoodpaidjob.
A.advantageB.errorC.disadvantageD.fault
③HemadesuchrapidprogressinEnglishstudyjustbecauseofthe___hetookofhiseveryspareminute.
A.wayB.useC.placeD.advantage
④Beforetryingtofindajob,youmustconsiderwhatadvantageyoucan___bothyourstrongandweakpointstohelpyouinjobseeking.
A.takeB.makeC.takeofD.makeof
⑤Ridingabikehasmany___overtakingabusordrivingacar.Firstofall,itcausesnoairpollution.
A.anadvantageB.charactersC.pointsD.ways
⑥It’snotconsiderate___youtotake___ofthelittleboy.
A.for;advantageB.of;advantageC.for;useD.of;use
⑦Theboyhashisown___,whereothersareweak,he’sstrong.
A.disadvantagesB.advantagesC.useD.ways
⑧MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,___advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.
A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentaken
388.against的用法
against反对、不同意、对着、逆。
例句:
①Thereare26votesforhimand8 against him.有26票赞成他,8票反对他。
②Wesailed against thewind.我们逆风航行。
③It's against yourpromisetogoonsmoking.继续抽烟,这违背了你的诺言。
④Theyforcedmetodothings against mywill.他们强迫我做违背我心意的事。
⑤Thehugetreeswereprofiled against thenightsky.在夜空的映衬下显出大树的轮廓。
短语:
overagainst在……对面、与……相反;hitone’sheadagainstthewall碰壁;deadagainst 正对着,全然反对;stronglyagainst 强烈反对;upagainsta/thewall 陷入困境,碰壁;upagainstit 面临困难的,面临困境的;upagainsta(blank,brick,stone)wall 面临不可逾越的障碍,陷入绝境;againstthegrain 格格不入,违反意愿;againstthelaw 违法;againstone'swill 违背心愿,无可奈何;againstsb'sgrain 格格不入,违反意愿;againstthebluesky 在蓝天的衬托下;againsttheclock 拼命赶时间;campaignagainst 反对…的运动;caseagainst 反对…议案;chargeagainst 对…的控告;comeupagainst 遇到(困难等);gangupagainst 联合反对;getupagainst 靠…站立,冒犯;knockupagainst 偶然撞碰,偶然碰见;sideagainst 反对;sinagainst 违犯,冒犯;kickagainstthepricks 以卵击石;cryagainst 大声疾呼反对;
用法:
①against用在fight,strive,struggle等词后面,同with意思相同,不过against更强调一种困难中的反抗。
如:
Wefightfortheweakagainstthestrong.
②作为介词,against后接的宾语有时可省略。
如:
Hehadintendedtocomebutsomehowdecidedagainst(it).
③against作“反对”解时反义词是for。
练习:
①Theteacherstood___theblackboard,facingus,unabletospeak.
A.towardsB.againstC.toD.on
②AbrahamLincolnfought___slaverybeforehewasmurdered.
A.forB.againstC.atD.on
③Although___myopinion,theoldprofessordidn’tcomeupwithhisown.
A.againstB.onC.forD.in
④Hestruggled___hisfeetandfoughtagain___thetiger.
A.to;withB.on;againstC.to;acrossD.on;with
389.critic的用法
critic(n)批评者、评论家;critical批评的、危急的;
例句:
①Sheisaverydiscerningart critic.她是位眼光敏锐的艺术评论家。
②Hehasareputationforbeingaforthright critic.他是以直率著称的评论家。
③Haveyoureadthearticlewrittenbythatfamous critic?
你读过那个著名的批评家写的这篇文章吗?
④A critic isamanwhosewatchisfiveminutesaheadofotherpeople'swatch.批评家,是个他的表要比别人的表快上五分钟的人。
短语:
amanwithacriticaleye具有批判眼光的人;becriticalofsth对某事表示谴责;becriticalinone’schoice选择苛刻;acriticalmoment/juncture紧要关头、关键时刻;criticfortheTimes《 时代》杂志的评论员;criticofsomerenown 有些名气的评论家;criticontheChinesearts 中国艺术的评论家;
用法:
critical后接of,介词的宾语为人或事,表示“对……批评”。
如:
Hewasverycriticalofhisstudents.
练习:
Don’tjokewithLinda;shetakeseverythingfartoo____.
A.carefullyB.gravelyC.seriouslyD.critically
Afriendshipmaybe____,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.
A.identicalB.originalC.superficialD.critical
Thedirectorwascritical____thewayweweredoingthework.
A.at B.inC.of D.with
Heknewclearlythatsuccessorfailureherewouldbe________tohisfutureprospects.
A.crucialB.overwhelmingC.magnificentD.critical
Thisisa_______momentforourresearch.Weshouldbecareful.
A.criticalB.beltC.conscienceD.copper
Owingto________competitionamongtheairlines,travelexpenseshavebeenreducedconsiderably.
A.fierceB.strainedC.eagerD.critical
Theresultsarehardly____;hecannotbelievetheyareaccurate.
A.credibleB.contraryC.criticalD.crucial
TheUS’economicsituationisstill _____,withitseconomicgrowthonaweakfooting,itsjoblessratehighandstillgrowing.
A.pessimisticB.realisticC.enthusiasticD.critical
IsEnglishLiteraturea(n)_____lesson,ordoeseveryonehavetolearnit?
A.potentialB.typicalC.optionalD.critical
390.clash的用法
clashn.冲突,撞击声,抵触;v.(使)发出撞击声,猛撞,冲突;
例句:
Aborder clash betweenthetwoarmiesstartedthewar.双方军队在边境的冲突引发了战争。
Insomeways,oursisa clash ofcultures.从某种意义上来说,我们的冲突是不同文化间的冲突。
She clashed thesepansdownonthefloor.她将这些盘子哗啦一声摔在地上。
Theenemyarmies clashed neartheborder.敌军在边境附近发生冲突。
Thecolorofthecurtains clashed withthecolorofthecarpet.窗帘的颜色和地毯的颜色不协调
短语:
clashagainstthestreetlight撞在路灯上;clashintosb蓦地撞见某人;clashonthequestion意见不一;clashwithsb与某人发生争执;clashwiththecolourofsth与某物的颜色不相配;
用法:
clash的基本意思是“撞”“击”或“冲撞”,同时伴有尖利而刺耳的金属撞击声。
引申可表示尖锐的冲突、抵触或对立等意思,即表示“交锋”“冲突”或“不合”“不一致”。
clash可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。
用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语。
clash作动词,其宾语后接介词against,动词宾语和介词宾语都为物,表示“将……和……相撞”。
如:
Heclashedhisfistagainstthedoor.后接介词with,句子的主语和介词宾语为人、物或事,表示“相冲突、不符合”。
如:
Myinterestclashedwithhis.
练习:
Thepresidenthas____hispoliticaladvisorsovertheslowpaceofeconomicchange.
A.preventedfromB.chargedfor
C.accountedforD.clashedwith
Theyholdafierce____astowhethertheircompanyshouldrestorethetraderelationshipwhichwasbrokenyearsago.
A.debateB.clashC.disagreementD.contest
Thedustbins clashed _____peopleemptiedrubbish.
A.whileB.asC.whenD.if
Thereis_____ betweentwoclassesat3p.m.onThursday.
A.clashB.the clashC.a clashD.clashing
Keys:
386.
(1).DACA
(2).①toacquire②hasacquired③toacquire④has;acquired
387.CCDCABBA
388.BBAA
389.CCCAAAAAC
390.DABC