5年高考3年模拟新课标版高考英语真题分类汇编 专题十三 词义猜测.docx
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5年高考3年模拟新课标版高考英语真题分类汇编专题十三词义猜测
专题十三词义猜测
Passage1(2014课标全国Ⅰ,B)体裁:
说明文 词数:
298
Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.
Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.
Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.
Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericansneedforwood,whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.
In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.
1.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons .
A.werethebiggestbirdintheworld
B.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica
C.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment
D.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS
2.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons .
A.escapeB.ruin
C.liberationD.evolution
3.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?
A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.
C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.
4.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?
A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.
C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境与自然类。
曾几何时在美国蔚蓝的天空飞翔着一种鸟,这种鸟可能是当时美国数量最多的鸟类——旅鸽。
但是慢慢地这种鸟的数量急剧减少,人们几乎看不到它们了。
发生了什么事?
这些鸟去哪儿了呢?
1.D
2.B
3.C
4.B
Passage2(2014课标全国Ⅱ,C)体裁:
说明文 词数:
276
Oneofthelatesttrends(趋势)inAmericanchildcareisChineseaupairs.AuPairinStamford,Conn.,forexample,hasgotincreasingnumbersofrequestsforChineseaupairsfromzerotoaround4,000since2004.Andthatstrueallacrossthecountry.
“IthoughtitwouldbeveryusefulforhimtolearnChineseatanearlyage,”JosephStocke,themanagingdirectorofacompany,saysofhis2-year-oldson.“Iwouldatleastliketogivehimthechancetousethelanguageinthefuture.”Afteronlysixmonthsofbeingcaredforbya25-year-oldwomanfromChina,theboycanalreadyunderstandbasicChinesedailyexpressions,hisdadsays.
LiDrake,aChinesenativeraisingtwochildreninMinnesotawithanAmericanhusband,hadanotherreasonforlookingforanaupairfromChina:
Shedidntwantherchildrentomissoutontheirroots.“BecauseIamChinese,myhusbandandIwantedthechildrentokeepexposedto(接触)thelanguageandculture,”shesays.
“Stayingwithanativespeakerisbetterforchildrenthansimplysittinginaclassroom,”saysSuzanneFlynn,aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.“Butparentsmustunderstandthatjustoneyearwithanaupairisunlikelytoproducewonders.Completemasterydemandscontinuedlearninguntiltheageof10or12.”
ThepopularityofaupairsfromChinahasbeenstrengthenedbytheincreasingnumbersofAmericanparentswhowanttheirchildrentolearnChinese.ItisexpectedthatAmericandemandforaupairswillcontinuetoriseinthenextfewyears.
1.Whatdoestheterm“aupair”inthetextmean?
A.Amotherraisingherchildrenonherown.
B.Achildlearningaforeignlanguageathome.
C.Aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.
D.Ayoungforeignwomantakingcareofchildren.
2.LiDrakehasherchildrenstudyChinesebecauseshewantsthem .
A.toliveinChinasomeday
B.tospeakthelanguageathome
C.tocatchupwithotherchildren
D.tolearnabouttheChineseculture
3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A.LearningChineseisbecomingpopularinAmerica.
B.Educatedwomendobetterinlookingafterchildren.
C.ChineseaupairsneedtoimprovetheirEnglishskills.
D.Childrencanlearnaforeignlanguagewellinsixmonths.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材是社会文化类。
在美国开始盛行雇用中国换工互惠生来照看孩子,因为越来越多的父母希望孩子可以尽早学习汉语。
1.D
2.D
3.A
Passage3(2014北京,D)体裁:
说明文 词数:
351
StoreScent(香味)
Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?
Theproductsdisplayed(展示)attheentrance?
Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?
Buthaveyouevernoticedthesmell?
Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashopsscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovingtobeanincreasinglypowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.
Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customersintentiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.
WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinParis,scentisjustasimportanttoabrandssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.
Someyearsago,thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistantsdisprovingattitudeanddont-touch-what-you-cant-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce(e-commerce)hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores(实体店)canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.
Now,afamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut(椰子)scentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestoreswindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstores?
A.Friendlyassistants.B.Uniquescents.
C.Softbackgroundmusic.D.Attractivewindowdisplay.
2.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto .
A.showtheadvantagesofbricks-and-mortarstores
B.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitude
C.pushstorestousesightsandsounds
D.introducetheriseofe-commerce
3.Theunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph5means .
A.aplatformthatexhibitsgoods
B.aspotwheretravelersliketostay
C.aplacewherecustomerslovetogo
D.atargetthatastoreexpectstomeet
4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto .
A.compareandevaluateB.examineandassess
C.argueanddiscussD.informandexplain
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为社会文化。
文章告诉我们商店都是有它们独特的气味的,这种气味可以让顾客更加喜欢在商店购物。
1.B
2.A
3.C
4.D
Passage4(2014重庆,D)体裁:
记叙文 词数:
251
Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest,thenext,theairwaschargedwithtension.Theelephanthadheardthedistantalarmcallsofanimalsandhermoodsuddenlychanged.Iurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.Wesoundedlikeaforestfire—crackling,snapping,trailblazing.Butthroughallthenoisecameasharpwarningcry.Theelephantstoppedandwehearditagain—thetell-talecallofaspotteddeer.
Ilookedquicklyaroundtheshadowsoftheforest.Raysofsunlightshonethroughtreebranches,beneathwhichthepatchwork(交错)ofgreenplantsandshadows-within-shadowswouldmaketigerstripes(条纹)lookmoreattractive.Apartfromanoccasionalnoisefromtheelephantsstomach,theforestwassilent.
Gradually,thetensionslippedfromourbodies.Theelephantseizedanearbybranchandputitintohermouth.Ireachedforwardandgentlymovedmyhandovertheelephantsneck;therewasasoftpart,freeofwrinklesandhairs,behindherear.
ThiswasmyfourthtimetosensetheauraoftheforestinCorbett,althoughIsawnotigersintheend.LocatedatthefootoftheHimalayanmountains,Corbettishometoabout135Bengaltigers,buttheforestseemedtobeguardingtheirwhereabouts(出没处),asilentreminderoftheirsecrecyandrarity.Still,Iwashappyenoughtouchingtheelephantbehindtheear.IfIhadsodesperatelywantedtoseeatiger,Icouldhavegonetoazoo.Afterall,spottingtigersmerelyconfirmstheirbeauty;trackingthemcanmakeyouawareofsomethingmore.
1.Whichofthefollowingwasaclearsignalofalarm?
A.Theelephantstopped.
B.Aspotteddeercalled.
C.Theelephantseizedabranch.
D.Theforestwassilentforawhile.
2.Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlyby .
A.describingvarioussounds
B.comparingdifferentanimals
C.listingdifferentactivities
D.introducingvariousplants
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“tosensetheaura”mostprobablymean?
A.Toseethediversity.
B.Toenjoythescenery.
C.Tofeeltheatmosphere.
D.Toexperiencethefreedom.
4.Howdoestheauthor