雅思阅读模拟试题及答案卷九.docx
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雅思阅读模拟试题及答案卷九
2020年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案(卷九)
StudyFindsWebAntifraudMeasureIneffective
1.Internetsecurityexpertshavelongknownthatsimplepasswordsdonotfullydefendonlinebankaccountsfromdeterminedfraudartists.Nowastudysuggeststhatapopularsecondarysecuritymeasureprovideslittleadditionalprotection.
2.Thestudy,producedjointlybyresearchersatHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,lookedatatechnologycalledsite-authenticationimages.Inthesystem,currentlyusedbyfinancialinstitutionslikeBankofAmerica,INGDirectandVanguard,onlinebankingcustomersareaskedtoselectanimage,likeadogorchesspiece,thattheywillseeeverytimetheylogintotheiraccount.
3.Theideaisthatifcustomersdonotseetheirimage,theycouldbeatafraudulentWebsite,dummieduptolookliketheirbank's,andshouldnotentertheirpasswords.
4.TheHarvardandM.I.T.researcherstestedthathypothesis.InOctober,theybrought67BankofAmericacustomersintheBostonareaintoacontrolledenvironmentandaskedthemtoconductroutineonlinebankingactivities,likelookingupaccountbalances.Buttheresearchershadsecretlywithdrawntheimages.
5.Of60participantswhogotthatfarintothestudyandwhoseresultscouldbeverified,58enteredpasswordsanyway.Onlytwochosenottologon,citingsecurityconcerns.
6."Thepremiseisthatsite-authenticationimagesincreasesecuritybecausecustomerswillnotentertheirpasswordsiftheydonotseethecorrectimage,"saidStuartSchechter,acomputerscientistattheM.I.T.LincolnLaboratory."Fromthestudywelearnedthatthepremiseisrightlessthan10percentofthetime."
7.Headded:
"Ifabankweretoaskmeiftheyshoulddeployit,Iwouldsayno,waitforsomethingbetter,"hesaid.
8.Thesystemhassomehigh-powersupportersinthefinancialservicesworld,manytryingtocomplywithnewonlinebankingregulations.In2005,theFederalFinancialInstitutionsExaminationCouncil,aninteragencybodyoffederalbankingregulators,determinedthatpasswordsalonedidnoteffectivelythwartintruderslikeidentitythieves.
9.Itissuednewguidelines,askingfinancialWebsitestofindbetterwaysforbanksandcustomerstoidentifyeachotheronline.January2007wassetasthecompliancedate,thoughthecouncilhasyettobeginenforcingthemandate.
10.Banksimmediatelyknewwhattheydidnotwanttodo:
askcustomerstodownloadnewsecuritysoftware,orcarryaroundhardwaredevicesthatfeedthemPINcodestheycanusetoauthenticatetheiridentities.Bothsolutionswouldaddanextralayerofsecuritybut,thebanksbelieved,detractfromtheconvenienceofonlinebanking.
11.Theimagesystem,introducedin2004byaSiliconValleyfirmcalledPassMarkSecurity,offeredbanksapain-freeadditiontotheirsecurityarsenals.BankofAmericawasamongthefirsttoadoptit,inJune2005,underthebrandnameSiteKey,askingits21millionWebsiteuserstoselectanimagefromthousandsofpossiblechoicesandtochooseauniquephrasetheywouldseeeverytimetheyloggedin.
12.SiteKey"givesourcustomersafairlyeasywayofauthenticatingtheBankofAmericaWebsite,"saidSanjayGupta,ane-commerceexecutiveatthebank."Itwasverywellreceived."
13.TheHarvardandM.I.T.researchers,however,foundthatmostonlinebankingcustomersdidnotnoticewhentheSiteKeyimageswereabsent.Whenrespondentsloggedinduringthestudy,theysawasitemaintenancemessageonthescreenwheretheirimageandphrasesshouldhavebeenpictured.Theerrormessagealsohadaconspicuousspellingmistake,furthersuggestingsomethingfishy.
14.Mr.GuptaofBankofAmericasaidhewasnottroubledbytheresultsofthesurvey,andstressedthatSiteKeyhadmadethebank'sWebsitemoresecure.Healsosaidthatthesystemwasonlyasinglepartofalargersecurityblanket."It'snotlikewe'rebettingthebankonSiteKey,"hesaid.
15.Mostfinancialinstitutions,likeBankofAmerica,haveotherwaystotellifacustomerislegitimate.Thebanksoftendropasmallsoftwareprogram,calledacookie,ontoauser'sPCtoassociatethecomputerwiththecustomer.Ifthecustomerlogsinfromanothermachine,hemaybeaskedpersonalquestions,likehismother'smaidenname.
16.RachnaDhamija,theHarvardresearcherwhoconductedthestudy,pointsoutthatswindlerscanusetheirdummyWebsitestoaskcustomersthosepersonalquestions.Shesaidthatthestudydemonstratedthatsite-authenticationimagesarefundamentallyflawedand,worse,mightactuallydetractfromsecuritybygivingusersafalsesenseofconfidence.
17.RSASecurity,thecompanythatboughtPassMarklastyear,"hasalotofgreatdataonhowSiteKeyinstillstrustandconfidenceandgoodfeelingsintheircustomers,"Ms.Dhamijasaid."Ultimatelythatmightbewhytheyadoptedit.Sometimestheappearanceofsecurityismoreimportantthansecurityitself."
(811words)
Questions1-5Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage?
Pleasewrite
TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththewriter
FALSEifthestatementdoesnotagreewiththewriter
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationaboutthisinthepassage
1.Accordingtointernetsecurityexperts,secondarysecuritymeasuresprovidelittleadditionalprotectionagainstfraud.
2.IntheHarvardandMITstudy,twosubjectsdidn'tlogonwithoutseeingthecorrectpictures.
3.AccordingtoSchechter,morethan90%ofonlinebankingcustomersstudiedloggedonwithoutseeingtherightpictures.
4.Theimagesystemistheonlysecuritymeasurethatthebanksmentionedinthepassagehavecurrently.
5.BankofAmericaisthefirstbankthatadoptedtheimagesystem.
Questions6-13AnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingsentencesbychoosingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.
6.WhatisINGDirectandVanguard?
7.WhatmightonlinebankingcustomersbecheatedtogiveatafraudulentWebsite?
8.Whatmaystoponlinebankingcustomersfromusingnewverificationmethods?
9.Thekeytoonlinebankingsecurityistoverifythe______ofcustomers.
10.WhereisPassMarkSecuritylocated?
11.WhatisthereasonwhySiteKeyispopularamongonlinebankingcustomers?
12.WhatwasusedinsteadofimagesintheHarvardandM.I.T.study?
13.Howmanysecuritymethodsarementionedinthispassage?
Answerkeys
1.第一段"Nowastudysuggeststhatapopularsecondarysecuritymeasureprovideslittleadditionalprotection."似与问题文字很接近,但是原文中apopularsecondarysecuritymeasure是指特定的一个措施,而非泛指所有secondarysecuritymeasure。
原文没有其它secondarysecuritymeasure安全有效性的内容。
故应选择NG。
2.见第4、5段内容。
第四段"Buttheresearchershadsecretlywithdrawntheimages."即研究人员撤下了图形,第五段"Onlytwochosenottologon,citingsecurityconcerns.",有两个人因为安全考虑未进入。
3.T见第6段。
4.F见第11、14段。
5.F见第11段"BankofAmericawasamongthefirsttoadoptit",可见首批采用图形识别软件的银行并非BankofAmerica一家。
6.Afinancialinstitution见第二段。
7.(their)passwords见第三段。
8.lessconvenience见第十段。
9.identity见第八、十段。
10.SiliconValley见第十一段。
11.easytouse见第十二段。
12.sitemaintenancemessage见第十三段"Whenrespondentsloggedinduringthestudy,theysawasitemaintenancemessageonthescreenwheretheirimageandphrasesshouldhavebeenpictured."
13.4分别见第十段的"downloadnewsecuritysoftware"和"hardwaredevicesthatfeedthemPINcodes",第十五段的"asmallsoftwareprogram,calledacookie",以及本文提到的site-authenticationimages。
Hackerstargetthehomefront
1.OneoftheUK'sleadingbankshasbeenforcedtoadmitthatorganisedhackinggangshavebeentargetingitsexecutives.Forthepastyear,RoyalBankofScotlandhasbeenfightingsystematicattemptstobreakintoitscomputersystemsfromhackerswhohavesentpersonalisedemailscontainingkeyloggerstoitsseniormanagement.ThishasincludedexecutivesuptoboardlevelandisnowthesubjectofaseparateinvestigationbytheSeriousandOrganisedCrimeAgency.
2.Thehackersarehominginonthetrendforpeopletoworkfromhome.ThehackersmaketheassumptionthatthecomputersbeingusedoutsidetheworkenvironmentaremorevulnerablethanthoseprotectedbyacorporateITdepartment.
Growingthreat
3.Forcompaniesitisagrowingthreatashomeworkingincreases:
arecentsurveyfromtheEqualOpportunitiesCommissionfoundthatmorethan60%oftheUK'spopulationwantstheoptionofflexibleworking.
4.Andthehackersareemployingincreasinglysophisticatedtechniques.Eachemailtheysendismeticulouslybuilttomakeitattractivetoitstarget,whothecriminalshavecarefullyresearchedbytrawlingtheinternetforinformation.Oncetheemailiscomposed,themalwareisjustascarefullydesigned:
itisoftenmodifiedtoavoiddetectionbysecuritysoftware.
5.Thekeyloggercontainedintheemailinstallsitselfautomaticallyandthencollectsdetailsofloginsandpasswordsfromtheunsuspectinguser.Thismeansthathackerscan,usingtheusernamesandpasswordsstolenbythekeyloggers,connecttoVPNs,orVirtualPrivateNetworks,whichmanycompaniesusetocreateanencryptedpathwayintotheirnetworks.
6.Onceinsideabank'snetwork,thehackerscancommunicatedirectlywithcomputersholdingaccountinformationandmanipulatefunds.
7.Hasthisactuallyhappened?
InsomecasessourcesclaimthatthelogindetailsofVPNshavebeenobtainedandusedthoughtherehasbeennoconfirmationthatanylosseshaveoccurredasaresult.TheattacksarenotbelievedtohavefocusedonRBSbuttohavebeenacrossthewholeofthebankingindustry.
8.RoyalBankofScotlandsaidthatthebankhadsufferednolossesasaresultoftheattacksandadded:
"RBShasextremelyrobustprocessesinp