雅思阅读模拟试题及答案卷九.docx

雅思阅读模拟试题及答案卷九.docx

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雅思阅读模拟试题及答案卷九

2020年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案（卷九）

　StudyFindsWebAntifraudMeasureIneffective

　　1.Internetsecurityexpertshavelongknownthatsimplepasswordsdonotfullydefendonlinebankaccountsfromdeterminedfraudartists.Nowastudysuggeststhatapopularsecondarysecuritymeasureprovideslittleadditionalprotection.

　　2.Thestudy,producedjointlybyresearchersatHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,lookedatatechnologycalledsite-authenticationimages.Inthesystem,currentlyusedbyfinancialinstitutionslikeBankofAmerica,INGDirectandVanguard,onlinebankingcustomersareaskedtoselectanimage,likeadogorchesspiece,thattheywillseeeverytimetheylogintotheiraccount.

　　3.Theideaisthatifcustomersdonotseetheirimage,theycouldbeatafraudulentWebsite,dummieduptolookliketheirbank's,andshouldnotentertheirpasswords.

　　4.TheHarvardandM.I.T.researcherstestedthathypothesis.InOctober,theybrought67BankofAmericacustomersintheBostonareaintoacontrolledenvironmentandaskedthemtoconductroutineonlinebankingactivities,likelookingupaccountbalances.Buttheresearchershadsecretlywithdrawntheimages.

　　5.Of60participantswhogotthatfarintothestudyandwhoseresultscouldbeverified,58enteredpasswordsanyway.Onlytwochosenottologon,citingsecurityconcerns.

　　6."Thepremiseisthatsite-authenticationimagesincreasesecuritybecausecustomerswillnotentertheirpasswordsiftheydonotseethecorrectimage,"saidStuartSchechter,acomputerscientistattheM.I.T.LincolnLaboratory."Fromthestudywelearnedthatthepremiseisrightlessthan10percentofthetime."

　　7.Headded:

"Ifabankweretoaskmeiftheyshoulddeployit,Iwouldsayno,waitforsomethingbetter,"hesaid.

　　8.Thesystemhassomehigh-powersupportersinthefinancialservicesworld,manytryingtocomplywithnewonlinebankingregulations.In2005,theFederalFinancialInstitutionsExaminationCouncil,aninteragencybodyoffederalbankingregulators,determinedthatpasswordsalonedidnoteffectivelythwartintruderslikeidentitythieves.

　　9.Itissuednewguidelines,askingfinancialWebsitestofindbetterwaysforbanksandcustomerstoidentifyeachotheronline.January2007wassetasthecompliancedate,thoughthecouncilhasyettobeginenforcingthemandate.

　　10.Banksimmediatelyknewwhattheydidnotwanttodo:

askcustomerstodownloadnewsecuritysoftware,orcarryaroundhardwaredevicesthatfeedthemPINcodestheycanusetoauthenticatetheiridentities.Bothsolutionswouldaddanextralayerofsecuritybut,thebanksbelieved,detractfromtheconvenienceofonlinebanking.

　　11.Theimagesystem,introducedin2004byaSiliconValleyfirmcalledPassMarkSecurity,offeredbanksapain-freeadditiontotheirsecurityarsenals.BankofAmericawasamongthefirsttoadoptit,inJune2005,underthebrandnameSiteKey,askingits21millionWebsiteuserstoselectanimagefromthousandsofpossiblechoicesandtochooseauniquephrasetheywouldseeeverytimetheyloggedin.

　　12.SiteKey"givesourcustomersafairlyeasywayofauthenticatingtheBankofAmericaWebsite,"saidSanjayGupta,ane-commerceexecutiveatthebank."Itwasverywellreceived."

　　13.TheHarvardandM.I.T.researchers,however,foundthatmostonlinebankingcustomersdidnotnoticewhentheSiteKeyimageswereabsent.Whenrespondentsloggedinduringthestudy,theysawasitemaintenancemessageonthescreenwheretheirimageandphrasesshouldhavebeenpictured.Theerrormessagealsohadaconspicuousspellingmistake,furthersuggestingsomethingfishy.

　　14.Mr.GuptaofBankofAmericasaidhewasnottroubledbytheresultsofthesurvey,andstressedthatSiteKeyhadmadethebank'sWebsitemoresecure.Healsosaidthatthesystemwasonlyasinglepartofalargersecurityblanket."It'snotlikewe'rebettingthebankonSiteKey,"hesaid.

　　15.Mostfinancialinstitutions,likeBankofAmerica,haveotherwaystotellifacustomerislegitimate.Thebanksoftendropasmallsoftwareprogram,calledacookie,ontoauser'sPCtoassociatethecomputerwiththecustomer.Ifthecustomerlogsinfromanothermachine,hemaybeaskedpersonalquestions,likehismother'smaidenname.

　　16.RachnaDhamija,theHarvardresearcherwhoconductedthestudy,pointsoutthatswindlerscanusetheirdummyWebsitestoaskcustomersthosepersonalquestions.Shesaidthatthestudydemonstratedthatsite-authenticationimagesarefundamentallyflawedand,worse,mightactuallydetractfromsecuritybygivingusersafalsesenseofconfidence.

　　17.RSASecurity,thecompanythatboughtPassMarklastyear,"hasalotofgreatdataonhowSiteKeyinstillstrustandconfidenceandgoodfeelingsintheircustomers,"Ms.Dhamijasaid."Ultimatelythatmightbewhytheyadoptedit.Sometimestheappearanceofsecurityismoreimportantthansecurityitself."

　　（811words）

　　Questions1-5Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage?

Pleasewrite

　　TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththewriter

　　FALSEifthestatementdoesnotagreewiththewriter

　　NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationaboutthisinthepassage

　　1.Accordingtointernetsecurityexperts,secondarysecuritymeasuresprovidelittleadditionalprotectionagainstfraud.

　　2.IntheHarvardandMITstudy,twosubjectsdidn'tlogonwithoutseeingthecorrectpictures.

　　3.AccordingtoSchechter,morethan90%ofonlinebankingcustomersstudiedloggedonwithoutseeingtherightpictures.

　　4.Theimagesystemistheonlysecuritymeasurethatthebanksmentionedinthepassagehavecurrently.

　　5.BankofAmericaisthefirstbankthatadoptedtheimagesystem.

　　Questions6-13AnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingsentencesbychoosingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

　　6.WhatisINGDirectandVanguard?

　　7.WhatmightonlinebankingcustomersbecheatedtogiveatafraudulentWebsite?

　　8.Whatmaystoponlinebankingcustomersfromusingnewverificationmethods?

　　9.Thekeytoonlinebankingsecurityistoverifythe______ofcustomers.

　　10.WhereisPassMarkSecuritylocated?

　　11.WhatisthereasonwhySiteKeyispopularamongonlinebankingcustomers?

　　12.WhatwasusedinsteadofimagesintheHarvardandM.I.T.study?

　　13.Howmanysecuritymethodsarementionedinthispassage?

　　Answerkeys

　　1.第一段"Nowastudysuggeststhatapopularsecondarysecuritymeasureprovideslittleadditionalprotection."似与问题文字很接近，但是原文中apopularsecondarysecuritymeasure是指特定的一个措施，而非泛指所有secondarysecuritymeasure。

原文没有其它secondarysecuritymeasure安全有效性的内容。

故应选择NG。

　　2.见第4、5段内容。

第四段"Buttheresearchershadsecretlywithdrawntheimages."即研究人员撤下了图形，第五段"Onlytwochosenottologon,citingsecurityconcerns."，有两个人因为安全考虑未进入。

　　3.T见第6段。

　　4.F见第11、14段。

　　5.F见第11段"BankofAmericawasamongthefirsttoadoptit"，可见首批采用图形识别软件的银行并非BankofAmerica一家。

　　6.Afinancialinstitution见第二段。

　　7.（their）passwords见第三段。

　　8.lessconvenience见第十段。

　　9.identity见第八、十段。

　　10.SiliconValley见第十一段。

　　11.easytouse见第十二段。

　　12.sitemaintenancemessage见第十三段"Whenrespondentsloggedinduringthestudy,theysawasitemaintenancemessageonthescreenwheretheirimageandphrasesshouldhavebeenpictured."

　　13.4分别见第十段的"downloadnewsecuritysoftware"和"hardwaredevicesthatfeedthemPINcodes"，第十五段的"asmallsoftwareprogram,calledacookie"，以及本文提到的site-authenticationimages。

　Hackerstargetthehomefront

　　1.OneoftheUK'sleadingbankshasbeenforcedtoadmitthatorganisedhackinggangshavebeentargetingitsexecutives.Forthepastyear,RoyalBankofScotlandhasbeenfightingsystematicattemptstobreakintoitscomputersystemsfromhackerswhohavesentpersonalisedemailscontainingkeyloggerstoitsseniormanagement.ThishasincludedexecutivesuptoboardlevelandisnowthesubjectofaseparateinvestigationbytheSeriousandOrganisedCrimeAgency.

　　2.Thehackersarehominginonthetrendforpeopletoworkfromhome.ThehackersmaketheassumptionthatthecomputersbeingusedoutsidetheworkenvironmentaremorevulnerablethanthoseprotectedbyacorporateITdepartment.

　　Growingthreat

　　3.Forcompaniesitisagrowingthreatashomeworkingincreases:

arecentsurveyfromtheEqualOpportunitiesCommissionfoundthatmorethan60%oftheUK'spopulationwantstheoptionofflexibleworking.

　　4.Andthehackersareemployingincreasinglysophisticatedtechniques.Eachemailtheysendismeticulouslybuilttomakeitattractivetoitstarget,whothecriminalshavecarefullyresearchedbytrawlingtheinternetforinformation.Oncetheemailiscomposed,themalwareisjustascarefullydesigned:

itisoftenmodifiedtoavoiddetectionbysecuritysoftware.

　　5.Thekeyloggercontainedintheemailinstallsitselfautomaticallyandthencollectsdetailsofloginsandpasswordsfromtheunsuspectinguser.Thismeansthathackerscan,usingtheusernamesandpasswordsstolenbythekeyloggers,connecttoVPNs,orVirtualPrivateNetworks,whichmanycompaniesusetocreateanencryptedpathwayintotheirnetworks.

　　6.Onceinsideabank'snetwork,thehackerscancommunicatedirectlywithcomputersholdingaccountinformationandmanipulatefunds.

　　7.Hasthisactuallyhappened?

InsomecasessourcesclaimthatthelogindetailsofVPNshavebeenobtainedandusedthoughtherehasbeennoconfirmationthatanylosseshaveoccurredasaresult.TheattacksarenotbelievedtohavefocusedonRBSbuttohavebeenacrossthewholeofthebankingindustry.

　　8.RoyalBankofScotlandsaidthatthebankhadsufferednolossesasaresultoftheattacksandadded:

"RBShasextremelyrobustprocessesinp